Dictator Game

Technical Manual

Script Author: Katja Borchert, Ph.D. (katjab@millisecond.com), Millisecond

Created: January 22, 2012

Last Modified: January 27, 2026 by K. Borchert (katjab@millisecond.com), Millisecond

Script Copyright © Millisecond Software, LLC

Background

This script implements the Dictator Game, a socio-economic game about the allocation of monetary resources to study prosocial behavior. In the Dictator Game participants get the choice to allocate money in either a more pro-social or less pro-social manner without having to take a possible response/revenge of their opponent into account.

The implemented procedure is based on Brockelbank et al (2011).

References

Brocklebank, S., Lewis, G.J, & Bates, T.C. (2011). Personality accounts for stable preferences and expectations across a range of simple games. Personality and Individual Differences, 51, 881-886.

Duration

3 minutes

Description

A participant (= Player B) gets to allocate money (resources) that is presented in a decision tree format to another Player A and herself.

The participant (Player B) has the choice to allocate the money in a more or less "prosocial" manner. If the participant consistently chooses the dedicated 'pro-social' option, Player A ends up with about $1300 more (hypothetical) money than the participant. By choosing consistently the non-social option, the participant ends up with about $1300 more (hypothetical) money than Player A.

Procedure

1) Number of Games Run:
This script runs 6 dictator game trials (default).

to change the number of games played, edit
a) LISTS: list.leftA, list.leftB, list.rightA, list.rightB to reflect the desired number of trials/amounts
b) BLOCK: adjust the number of trials run under block.Dictator

2) Amounts:
The designated 'left' and 'right' amounts allocated are stored in list.leftA, list.leftB,
list.rightA and list.rightB. The default amounts provided in this script are the ones used by Brocklebank et al (2011).
Designated 'left' = amounts that Brocklebank et al (2011) report to be the 'left' amounts in table 1.
(in this particular script, the designated 'left' responses could be interpreted as the more "prosocial" choices)

The amounts can be easily adapted by each experimenter. Furthermore, by default the amounts are presented in a
sequential order for each participant. To change presentation to random, change list.trialOrder.

3) Within-participant control of response keys:
Presentation of designated 'left' amounts randomized without replacement within participants.
Of the 6 games (default), 3 randomly determined trials will display the designated 'left' choices on the left branch,
the remaining 3 will display them on the right branch.
!!!
=> values.responseBranch reflects the actual branch chosen by the participant.
=> 'response' reflects if participant chose the designated 'left or 'right' amounts

Stimuli

optional opponent pics -> see section Editable Stimuli

Instructions

Instructions are not original to the task. They are provided by Millisecond.
They can be edited in file dictatorgame_instructions_inc.iqjs

Summary Data

File Name: dictatorgame_summary*.iqdat' (Inquisit Lab: one data file per participant)

Data Fields

NameDescription
inquisit.version Inquisit version number
computer.platform Device platform: win | mac |ios | android
computer.touch 0 = device has no touchscreen capabilities; 1 = device has touchscreen capabilities
computer.hasKeyboard 0 = no external keyboard detected; 1 = external keyboard detected
startDate Date the session was run
startTime Time the session was run
subjectId Participant ID
groupId Group number
sessionId Session number
elapsedTime Session duration in ms
completed 0 = Test was not completed
1 = Test was completed
Parameters Settings
showOpponentPic 1 = a picture of an opponent is displayed on decision tree screen (fine tune picture under STIMULUS -> picture.opponent]
0 = no opponent picture is displayed (default)
showComputerTotal 1 = show win status of Player A; 0 = do not show win status of player A (default)
showParticipantTotal 1 = show win status of Player B; 0 = do not show win status of player B (default)
posttrialPause Sets the posttrialpause (default = 1000ms)
Performance Metrics
countLeft Sums up all designated 'left' choices (more prosocial, altruistic choices)
countRight Sums up all designated 'right' choices
totalComputer The total amount Player A wins
totalParticipant The total amount Player B wins
dTotal The difference in monetary outcomes (positive favors participant, negative favors computer)

Raw Data

File Name: dictatorgame_raw*.iqdat

Data Fields

NameDescription
build Inquisit version number
computer.platform Device platform: win | mac |ios | android
computer.touch 0 = device has no touchscreen capabilities; 1 = device has touchscreen capabilities
computer.hasKeyboard 0 = no external keyboard detected; 1 = external keyboard detected
date Date the session was run
time Time the session was run
subject Participant ID
group Group number
session Session number
blockcode The name the current block (built-in Inquisit variable)
blocknum The number of the current block (built-in Inquisit variable)
trialcode The name of the currently recorded trial (built-in Inquisit variable)
trialnum The number of the currently recorded trial (built-in Inquisit variable)
trialnum is a built-in Inquisit variable; it counts all trials run
even those that do not store data to the data file
gameCounter Tracks the number of games played
branch 0 = designated "left" amounts displayed on left
1 = designated "left" amounts displayed on right
leftAvalue-rightBvalue Contain the designated 'left' and 'right' value amounts for player A and player B
these amounts can appear on the left OR right of the decision tree
responseBranch The actually selected response branch B1 (choice B on the left) or B2 (choice B on the right)
if the participant selected a designated 'left' amount but the amount
was presented on the right, ResponseBranch = B2 but response = left (designated 'left' amount)
If a participant always selects the designated 'left' values, Response = left for all trials,
but ResponseBranch will reflect the actual branch chosen.
response The participant's response (choice of designated 'left/favoring others' vs. 'right' amount)
latency The response latency (in ms)
countLeft Sums up all designated 'left' choices
countRight Sums up all designated 'right' choices
totalComputer The total amount Player A wins
totalParticipant The total amount Player B wins

Parameters

The procedure can be adjusted by setting the following parameters.

NameDescriptionDefault
Design
pictureintro 1 = a separate picture introduction of the co-player is displayed before decision tree screens come up
(fine tune picture under STIMULUS -> picture.opponentPic]
0 = no separate picture introduction of the co-player
0
showOpponentPic 1 = a picture of an opponent is displayed on decision tree screen (fine tune picture under STIMULUS -> picture.opponent]
0 = no opponent picture is displayed
0
showComputerTotal 1 = show win status of Player A; 0 = do not show win status of player A0
showParticipantTotal 1 = show win status of Player B; 0 = do not show win status of player B0
Timing Parameters
posttrialPause Sets the posttrialpause in ms1000