Listening Span Task - LSPAN

Technical Manual

Script Author: David Nitz (nitz.david@gmail.com, Millisecond (ARSPAN), K.Borchert, Ph.D. (katjab@millisecond.com), Millisecond.

Task Copyright © 2005 by Dr. Randall Engle (copyright for ARSPAN, https://psychology.gatech.edu/renglelab/)

Last Modified: January 21, 2025 by K. Borchert (katjab@millisecond.com), Millisecond

Script Copyright © Millisecond Software, LLC

Background

This script implements a listening version of the Automated Reading Span Task (ARSPAN, Conway et al, 2005), a measure of auditory working memory.

References

CONWAY, A.R.A., KANE, M.J.,BUNTING, M.F., D. ZACH HAMBRICK, D.Z., WILHELM, O., & ENGLE, R.W. (2005). Working memory span tasks: A methodological review and user’s guide. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 2005, 12 (5), 769-786.

Duration

20 minutes

Description

Participants listen to sequences of letters ranging from 3-7 letters (default) that need to be recalled at the end. Each letter in the sequence in preceded by an auditory semantic categorization test ("sentence makes sense? yes or no") of sentences. Letter recall is tested by asking participants to selecte letters from a provided letter matrix.

Procedure

by setting parameters.debugMode = 1, the script runs in debug mode and presents the correct responses

1 Practice Session (default):
a) Practice of recalling sequences of letters of set sizes 2-3 in ascending order (4 trials)
b) Practice of the semantic categorization task (15 trials)
c) Combined practice of recalling sequence of letters (set size 2 only); each letter is
preceded by an auditory semantic categorization task (3 trials)
Recall is done by picking out letters from a provided letter matrix.

Test Session (default):
15 Trials (15 = 3 repetitions of 5 set sizes; order of set sizes is randomly determined):
Recalling sequences of letters (set size 3-7); each letter is preceded by an auditory semantic categorization task;
Recall is done by picking out letters from a provided letter matrix.

Scoring:
The program reports five values at the conclusion of the experiment:

The first, lSpan score, uses the traditional "absolute lSpan" scoring method.
It is the sum of all perfectly recalled sets.
So, for example, if an individual recalled correctly 2 letters in a set size of 2,
3 letters in a set size of 3, and 3 letters in a set size of 4,
their lSpan score would be 5 (2 + 3 + 0).

Total number correct is the total number of letters recalled in the correct position
(2 + 3 + 4 = 9 in the above example).

Sentence errors are reported as total number of errors,
accuracy errors where the subject classified the sentence incorrectly,
and speed errors in which the subject ran out of time
in attempting to classify a given sentence.

Stimuli

Stimuli can be edited under section in script "automatedlspan_instructions_inc.iqjs"

Instructions

Instructions can be edited

Summary Data

File Name: automatedlSpan_summary*.iqdat

Data Fields

NameDescription
inquisit.version Inquisit version number
computer.platform Device platform: win | mac |ios | android
computer.touch 0 = device has no touchscreen capabilities; 1 = device has touchscreen capabilities
computer.hasKeyboard 0 = no external keyboard detected; 1 = external keyboard detected
startdate Date script was run
starttime Time script was started
subjectid Assigned subject id number
groupid Assigned group id number
sessionid Assigned session id number
elapsedtime Time it took to run script (in ms); measured from onset to offset of script
completed 0 = Test was not completed
1 = Test was completed
lSpan The lSpan (listening span) score, uses the traditional "absolute rspan" scoring method.
It is the sum of all perfectly recalled sets.
So, for example, if an individual recalled correctly 2 letters in a set size of 2,
3 letters in a set size of 3, and 3 letters in a set size of 4,
their lSpan score would be 5 (2 + 3 + 0).
lpcu Partial credit unit for the lspan task
number of correct recalled letters (in any position) relative to all presented letters
totalLetters The total letter count (across all sets)
totalCorrectLettersAP The total number of correct letters recalled in any position (AP)
totalCorrectLettersCP The total number of correct letters recalled in the correct position (CP)
totalRecalledSets The number of correctly recalled sets
sentenceTotalErrors Counts number of any errors (speed or accuracy) made during sentence evaluation within the current block
sentenceSpeedErrors Counts the number of times participant ran out of time during sentence evaluation within the current block
sentenceAccErrors Counts the number of times participant ran out of time during sentence evaluation within the current block

Raw Data

File Name: automatedlSpan_raw*.iqdat

Data Fields

NameDescription
build Inquisit version number
computer.platform Device platform: win | mac |ios | android
computer.touch 0 = device has no touchscreen capabilities; 1 = device has touchscreen capabilities
computer.hasKeyboard 0 = no external keyboard detected; 1 = external keyboard detected
date Date the session was run
time Time the session was run
subject Participant ID
group Group number
session Session number
blockcode The name the current block (built-in Inquisit variable)
blocknum The number of the current block (built-in Inquisit variable)
trialcode The name of the currently recorded trial (built-in Inquisit variable)
trialnum The number of the currently recorded trial (built-in Inquisit variable)
trialnum is a built-in Inquisit variable; it counts all trials run
even those that do not store data to the data file.
response The participant's response (scancode of response buttons)
correct Accuracy of response: 1 = correct response; 0 = otherwise
latency The response latency (in ms)
currentSetSize The number of letters to recall for the current problem
letter The currently presented letter
sentenceProblemCount Counts the number sentences in a given block
sentenceTimeout Duration (in ms) after which the sentence disappears (for test block: calculated for each participant based on average performance during practice)
sentence The currently presented sentence
sentenceAccError Percentage of correctly classified sentences within the current block
sentenceTotalErrors Counts number of any errors (speed or accuracy) made during sentence classification within the current block
sentenceAccErrors Counts the number of incorrectly classified sentences within the current block
sentenceSpeedErrors Counts the number of times participant ran out of time when reading the sentence within the current block
presentedLetters The presented letters in order
setLetterCount The current letter count (for this set)
totalLetters The total letter count (across all sets)
recalledLetters The number of letters recalled of the current problem/set
totalCorrectLettersAP The total number of correct letters recalled in any position (AP)
totalCorrectLettersCP The total number of correct letters recalled in the correct position (CP)
totalRecalledSets The number of correctly recalled sets
lSpan The lSpan (listening span) score, uses the traditional "absolute rspan" scoring method.
It is the sum of all perfectly recalled sets.
So, for example, if an individual recalled correctly 2 letters in a set size of 2,
3 letters in a set size of 3, and 3 letters in a set size of 4,
their lSpan score would be 5 (2 + 3 + 0).
lpcu Partial credit unit for the lspan task
number of correct recalled letters (in any position) relative to all presented letters
trialCount Trial counter (updated under trial 'letter_feedback')
recalledLettersPerTrial The number of recalled letters for the current trial only (updated under trial 'letter_feedback')
recalledLettersAccPerTrial Proportion correct recalled letters for the current trial only (updated under trial 'letter_feedback')
correctSentencesPerTrial The number of correctly categorized sentences for the current trial only (updated under trial 'letter_feedback')
sentenceAccPerTrial Proportion correctly categorized sentences for the current trial only (updated under trial 'letter_feedback')

Parameters

The procedure can be adjusted by setting the following parameters.

NameDescriptionDefault
learningInterval Duration (in ms) of the letter presentation trials1000
startSentenceTimeout Start duration (in ms) of the sentence presentation trials5000
Note: The Duration Is Adjusted For The Test Trials Based On Practice Performance
debugMode 0 = testmode => no debug information is presented0
1 = Debugmode => Debug Information Is Presented On Screen