Implicit Association Test (IAT)
FREE for use with an Inquisit Lab or Inquisit Web license.Available Test Variations
The Need for Affiliation IAT as described in Slabbinck et al (2012).
The Age IAT as described in Nosek et al (2007)
The Aggression IAT procedure as developed by Adnan Niazi and Sabine Strofer (supports English, German, and Dutch).
An Alcohol IAT template that measures implicit associates between alcohol and arousal as developed by Wiers et al 2002.
An Alcohol IAT template that measures negative or positive implicit associates with alcohol as developed by Wiers et al 2002.
The AN-IAT (Heinze et al, 2020) is an implicit measure of antagonistic narcissism.
An IAT using word stimuli to measure implicit assocation of anger with self as described in Schnabel et al (2006).
An IAT using word stimuli to measure implicit assocation of anxiety with self as described in Egloff & Schmulke (2002).
The Arab-Muslim IAT as used in Park et al (2007).
An Gender-Power IAT that uses auditory stimuli as designed by Van de Kamp (2002).
An Bird-Insect IAT that uses a combination of auditory and visual stimuli as designed by Van de Kamp (2002).
A template implementing the Brief IAT procedure developed by Sriram & Greenwald (2009). This template uses names of flowers and insects.
A template implementing the Brief IAT procedure developed by Sriram & Greenwald (2009). This template uses pictures of flowers and insects.
An implementation of the IAT adapted for administration to children as developed by Baron and Banaji (2006).
The Death/Suicide IAT as described in Nock & Banaji (2010).
The Depression Brief IAT as described in Meites et al (2009).
The Depression IAT as described in Meites et al (2009).
An picture IAT measuring positive and negative implicit assocations with disability as described in Pruett & Chan (2006).
An IAT using word stimuli measuring positive and negative implicit assocations with healthy and unhealthy foods as described in Houben et al (2010).
An implicit attitude test by Harrison & Lakin (2018) examining attitudes towards English learners.
An IAT measuring implicit forgiveness of self vs others by Goldring & Strelan (2017).
An IAT measuring implicit associations between gender and careers.
The Gender/Science IAT.
An IAT measuring associations between guilt vs innocence and race.
An IAT-RF template that measures negative or positive implicit associates with flowers and insects as developed by Rothermund et al (2009).
A template for IATs in which participants enter both the words and labels for the categories.
A template for IATs in which participants enter the words for the categories.
Then IAT where participants choose items for each category from an array of pictures.
Administers and IAT with mouse tracking as described in Yu et al (2012)
Administers and IAT with touch screen tracking as described in Yu et al (2012)
This sample script serves as a template for IAT tasks involving text stimuli. It can be easily adapted to any target or attribute categories simply by following the instructions at the top of the script.
An IAT template in which participants response by clicking the left or right mouse button.
An IAT template in which participants respond by clicking one of two response areas the screen.
A template for an IAT that supports multiple languages. Each participant can choose which language the stimulus items, labels, and instructions are presented in.
An IAT template that uses text for attribute stimuli and pictures for target stimuli.
An IAT using word stimuli measuring implicit assocations between mental illness and danger as described in Dabby et al (2015).
Multicultural Implicit Association Test (MC-IAT) as described in Axt et al (2014)
A multifactor Brief IAT template that uses picture stimuli to measure relative preferences for 4 different categories - babies, puppies, kittens, and pandas.
A multifactor Brief IAT template that measures relative preferences for 4 different religions - Buddhism, Islam, Judaism, and Christianity.
The Need for Power IAT as described in Slabbinck et al (2011).
An IAT template for measuring implicit racism that uses pictures of black and white faces for target stimuli and pleasant and unpleasant words for attributes.
The Single Category IAT as described in Karpinski & Steinman (2006).
The Single Category IAT as described in Karpinski & Steinman (2006) using picture stimuli for targets.
The Self-Esteem IAT using self and other pronouns.
The Self-Esteem IAT as described in Greenwald & Farnham (2000).
The Self-Harm IAT using Good/Bad stimuli as described in Nock & Banaji (2007).
The Self-Harm IAT using Me/Not Me stimuli as described in Nock & Banaji (2007).
An implicit measure of sexual preference as described by Snowden et al (2008). Images must be downloaded separately from the IAPS image database.
An IAT examining implicit attitudes towards sexual orientation by Hatzenbuehler et al (2009).
An IAT using word stimuli to measure implicit assocation of shame with self as described in Grout (2013).
The Self-Injury IAT as described in Nock & Banaji (2007).
An implicit attitute test measuring unconscious prejudice based on skin tone (Greenwald et al, 1998).
The Smoking IAT as developed by Kahler et al (2007).
An ST-IAT template that measures negative or positive implicit associations with animals using text stimuli.
An ST-IAT template that measures negative or positive implicit associations with flowers using picture stimuli for both attributes and targets.
An ST-IAT template that measures negative or positive implicit associations with animals using picture stimuli for attributes and text stimuli for targets.
A measure of implicit attitudes towards Transpeople using pictures of celebrities
A measure of implicit attitudes towards Transmen by Wang-Jones, et al (2017)
A measure of implicit attitudes towards Transwomen by Wang-Jones, et al (2017)
A template that measures implicit associations between race (Black American vs. White American) and violence (Weapons vs. Harmless Objects). This template uses pictures for both attribute and target stimuli.
Measures implicit weight bias using images of body shapes (Schwartz et al, 2003).
Measures implicit weight bias using images of faces (Schwartz et al, 2003).
References
Search Google Scholar for peer-reviewed, published research using the Inquisit Implicit Association Test (IAT).
Greenwald, A. G., McGhee, D. E., & Schwartz, J. K. L. (1998). Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: The Implicit Association Test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 1464-1480.
Greenwald, A. G., & Farnham, S. D. (2000). Using the implicit association test to measure self-esteem and self-concept. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 6, 1022-38.
Nosek, B. A., Banaji, M. R., & Greenwald, A. G. (2002). Harvesting implicit group attitudes and beliefs from a demonstration web site. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 6(1), 101-115.
Wiers, R.W., van Woerden, N., Smulders, F.T., de Jong, P.J. (2002). Implicit and explicit alcohol-related cognitions in heavy and light drinkers. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 111, 648-658.
Egloff, B., & Schmukle, S. C. (2002). Predictive validity of an implicit association test for assessing anxiety. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83(6), 1441–1455. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.83.6.1441
Van de Kamp, M.E. (2002). Auditory Implict Association Tests. Dissertation, University of Washington.
Greenwald, A. G., Nosek, B. A., & Banaji, M. R. (2003). Understanding and Using the Implicit Association Test: I. An Improved Scoring Algorithm. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 197-216.
Schwartz, M., Chambliss, H., Brownell, K., Blair, S., & Billington, C. (2003). Weight Bias among Health Professionals Specializing in Obesity. Obesity Research, 11(9), 1033-1039.
Chambliss, H., Finley, C., & Blair, S. (2004). Attitudes toward obese individuals among exercise science students. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 36(3), 468-74.
De Houwer, J., Crombez, G., Kostner, E. H. W., De Beul, N. (2004). Implicit alcohol-related cognitions in a clinical sample of heavy drinkers, 35, 275-286.
Wiers, R.W., van de Luitgaarden, J., van den Wildenberg, E., Smulders, F.T. (2005). Challenging implicit and explicit alcohol-related cognitions in young heavy drinkers. Addiction, 100, 806–819.
Nosek, B. A., Greenwald, A. G., & Banaji, M. R. (2005). Understanding and using the Implicit Association Test: II. Method variables and construct validity. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31(2), 166-180.
Pruett, S. R., & Chan, F. (2006). The development and psychometric validation of the Disability Attitude Implicit Association Test. Rehabilitation Psychology, 51(3), 202–213. https://doi.org/10.1037/0090-5550.51.3.202
Schnabel K, Banse R, Asendorpf JB. Assessment of implicit personality self-concept using the implicit association test (IAT): concurrent assessment of anxiousness and angriness. Br J Soc Psychol. 2006 Jun;45(Pt 2):373-96. doi: 10.1348/014466605X49159. PMID: 16762106.
Baron, A. S., & Banaji, M. R. (2006). The development of implicit attitudes: Evidence of race evaluations from ages 6, 10 & adulthood. Psychological Science, 17, 53-58.
Wigboldus, D.H.J., Holland, R.W., van Knippenberg, A. (2006). Single Target Implicit Associations, (unpublished manuscript).
Karpinski, A. & Steinman, R.B. (2006). The Single Category Implicit Association Test as a Measure of Implicit Social Cognition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91, 16–32.
Schwartz, M., Vartanian, L., Nosek, B., & Brownell, K. (2006). The influence of one's own body weight on implicit and explicit anti-fat bias. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 14(3), 440-7.
Nosek, B. A., Smyth, F. L., Hansen, J. J., Devos, T., Lindner, N. M., Ranganath, K. A., Smith, C. T., Olson, K. R., Chugh, D., Greenwald, A. G., & Banaji, M. R. (2007). Pervasiveness and correlates of implicit attitudes and stereotypes. European Review of Social Psychology, 18, 36–88. https://doi.org/10.1080/10463280701489053
Nock, M. K. & Banaji, M. R. (2007). Prediction of suicide ideation and attempts among adolescents using a brief performance-based test. Journal of Clinical and Consulting Psychology, 75, 707-715.
Nock, M. K., & Banaji, M. R. (2007). Assessment of self-injurious thoughts using a behavioral test. American Journal of Psychiatry 164, 820-823.
Nock, M. K., & Banaji, M. R. (2007). Prediction of suicide ideation and attempts among adolescents using a brief performance-based test. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 75, 707-715.
Bluemke, M., & Friese, M. (2007). Reliability and validity of the Single-Target IAT (ST-IAT): Assessing automatic affect towards multiple attitude objects. European Journal of Social Psychology, 38, 977-997.
Kahler, C. W., Daughters, S. B., Leventhal, A. M., Gwaltney, C. J., & Palfai, T. P. (2007). Implicit associations between smoking and social consequences among smokers in cessation treatment. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45, 2066-2077.
Park, J., Felix, K., & Lee, G. (January 01, 2007). Implicit Attitudes Toward Arab-Muslims and the Moderating Effects of Social Information. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 29, 1, 35-45.
Nosek, B. A., Greenwald, A. G., & Banaji, M. R. (2007). The Implicit Association Test at age 7: A methodological and conceptual review. In J. A. Bargh (Ed.), Automatic Processes in Social Thinking and Behavior (pp. 265-292). Psychology Press.
Yamaguchi, S., Greenwald, A. G., Banaji, M. R., Murakami, F., Chen, D., Shiomura, K., Kobayashi, C., ... Krendl, A. (June 01, 2007). Apparent Universality of Positive Implicit Self-Esteem. Psychological Science, 18, 6, 498-500.
Tiffany M. Meites, Christen M. Deveney, Katherine T. Steele, Avram J. Holmes, Diego A. Pizzagalli, Implicit depression and hopelessness in remitted depressed individuals, Behaviour Research and Therapy, Volume 46, Issue 9, September 2008,
Dotsch, R., & Wigboldus, D.H.J.(2008). Virtual prejudice. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 44, 1194–1198.
Snowden, R. J., Wichter, J., & Gray, N. S. (2008). Implicit and explicit measurement of sexual preference in gay and heterosexual men: A compari son of priming techniques and the implicit association task. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 37, 558 565.
Bohner, G., Siebler, F., Gonzalez, R, Haye, A, Schmidt, E.A. (2008). Situational flexibilty of in-group-related attitudes: A single category IAT study of people with dual national identity. Group Process & Integroup Relations, 11, 301-317.
Fitzsimmons, K A (2009). The Existence of Implicit Racial Bias in Nursing Faculty. Doctoral Dissertation.
Agerström, J., & Rooth, D.-O. (March 27, 2009). Implicit prejudice and ethnic minorities: Arab-Muslims in Sweden. International Journal of Manpower, 30, 43-55.
Baron, A., & Banaji, M. R. (2009). Evidence of system justification in young children. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 3(6), 918-926.
Sriram, N., Greewald, A. G. (2009). The Brief Implicit Association Test. Experimental Psychology, 56, 283–294.
Buhlmann, U., Teachman, B. A., Naumann, E., Fehlinger, T., & Rief, W. (January 01, 2009). The meaning of beauty: implicit and explicit self-esteem and attractiveness beliefs in body dysmorphic disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 23, 5, 694-702.
Szeto, A. C. H., Sorrentino, R. M., Yasunaga, S., Otsubo, Y., Kouhara, S., & Sasayama, I. (September 01, 2009). Using the implicit association test across cultures: A case of implicit self-esteem in Japan and Canada. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 12, 3, 211-220.
Rothermund, K., Teige-Mocigemba, S., Gast, A, Wentura, D. (2009). Minimizing the influence of recoding in the Implicit Association Test: The Recoding-Free Implicit Association Test (IAT-RF), The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 62, 84-98.
Houben, K., Rothermund, K., Wiers, R.W. (2009). Predicting alcohol use with a recoding-free variant of the Implicit Association Test. Addictive Behaviors, 34, 487-489.
Houben K, Roefs A, Jansen A. Guilty pleasures. Implicit preferences for high calorie food in restrained eating. Appetite. 2010 Aug;55(1):18-24. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2010.03.003. Epub 2010 Mar 6. PMID: 20211211.
Levinson, J.D., Huajian Cai, H. & Young,D. (2010). Guilty by Implicit Racial Bias: The Guilty/Not Guilty Implicit Association Test, 8 Ohio St. J. Crim. L. 187, 208
Nock, M. K., Park, J. M., Finn, C. T., Deliberto, T. L., Dour, H. J., & Banaji, M. R. (January 01, 2010). Measuring the suicidal mind: implicit cognition predicts suicidal behavior. Psychological Science, 21, 4, 511-7.
Hatzenbuehler ML, Dovidio JF, Nolen-Hoeksema S, Phills CE. An Implicit Measure of Anti-Gay Attitudes: Prospective Associations with Emotion Regulation Strategies and Psychological Distress. J Exp Soc Psychol. 2009 Nov 1;45(6):1316-1320. doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2009.08.005. PMID: 20161465; PMCID: PMC2791410.
Roddy, S., Stewart, I., & Barnes-Holmes, D. (2011). Facial reactions reveal that slim is good but fat is not bad: Implicit and explicit measures of body-size bias. European Journal of Social Psychology, 41(6), 688.
Niazi, A.M. (2011). Effect of music tempo in First-Person Shooter on arousal and aggression. Manuscript submitted for publication
Slabbinck, H., Houwer, J. D., & Van Kenhove, P. (2011). A pictorial attitude IAT as a measure of implicit motives. European Journal of Personality, 25(1), 76–86. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.778
Yu, Z., Wang, F. & Wang, D. (2012). Beyond Reaction Times: Incorporating Mouse Tracking Measures into Implicit Association Test to Examine Its Underlying Process. Social Cognition, June 2012
Slabbinck, H., De Houwer, J., & Van Kenhove, P. (2012). The Pictorial Attitude Implicit Association Test for need for affiliation. Personality and Individual Differences, 53(7), 838–842. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2012.06.016
French, A. R., Franz, T. M., Phelan, L. L., & Blaine, B. E. (January 01, 2013). Reducing Muslim/Arab stereotypes through evaluative conditioning. Journal of Social Psychology, 153, 1, 6-9.
Grout, K. M. (2013). Reliability and validity of the implicit association test measuring shame (Master's thesis)
Dabby L, Tranulis C, Kirmayer LJ. Explicit and Implicit Attitudes of Canadian Psychiatrists Toward People With Mental Illness. Can J Psychiatry. 2015 Oct;60(10):451-9. doi: 10.1177/070674371506001006. PMID: 26720192; PMCID: PMC4679121.
Goldring, J., & Strelan, P. (2017). The Forgiveness Implicit Association Test. Personality and Individual Differences, 108, 69–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.12.006
Wang-Jones, T.S, Omar M. Alhassoon, O.M., Hattrup, K., Bernardo M. Ferdman, B.M. &and Rodney L. Lowman, R.L. (2017). Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity Development of Gender Identity Implicit Association Tests to Assess Attitudes Toward Transmen and Transwomen. Online First Publication, January 12, 2017
Harrison, Jamie, & Lakin, Joni. (2018). Mainstream Teachers’ Implicit Beliefs about English Language Learners: An Implicit Association Test Study of Teacher Beliefs. Journal of Language, Identity, and Education, 17(2), 85-102.
Heinze, P. E., Fatfouta, R., & Schröder-Abé, M. (2020). Validation of an implicit measure of antagonistic narcissism. Journal of Research in Personality, 88, 103993–. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2020.103993
Links
Tony Greenwald. University of Washington.
Project Implicit. IAT on Project Implicit web site.
Mahzarin Banaji. Harvard University.
Brian Nosek. University of Virginia.
Stimulus Materials. IAT stimuli from Project Implicit.
The Oprah Winfrey Show. Overcoming Prejudice: How to Rise Above Racism. Tony Greenwald and Malcolm Gladwell discuss the IAT with Oprah..
The Washington Post. See No Bias: Many Americans believe they are not prejudiced. Now a new test provides powerful evidence that a majority of us really are.
Edge. The Implicit Association Test: A Talk with Mahzarin Banaji and Anthony Greenwald.
Dateline NBC. Tony Greenwald and Mahzarin Banaji demonstrate the IAT.