Script Author: Katja Borchert, Ph.D. (katjab@millisecond.com), Millisecond
Credits:
Millisecond thanks Dr. Hester et al for generously providing assistance with script development/clarifications!
Created: January 22, 2013
Last Modified: January 01, 2025 by K. Borchert (katjab@millisecond.com), Millisecond
Script Copyright © Millisecond Software, LLC
This script implements the Behavior Adaptation Task (BAT), a paradigm to study behavior adaption using a a motor inhibition Go-NoGo task, as described in Hester et al (2007).
Hester, R, Simões-Franklin, C., & Garavan, H. (2007). Post-error behavior in active cocaine users: poor awareness of errors in the presence of intact performance adjustments. Neuropsychopharmacology, 32, 1974–1984
Gregg, A. & Sedikides, C. (2010). Narcissistic Fragility: Rethinking Its Links to Explicit and Implicit Self-esteem, Self and Identity, 9:2, 142-161 (p.148)
15 minutes
Participants are presented a steady paced (1hz) stream of X and Ys (one letter at the time) in the middle of the screen. They are instructed to make a button response for each of the letters as long as the letters are alternating (switch from X to Y or from Y to X). Trials with alternating letters are the GO trials. If a letter was repeated (the alternation order interrupted), participants were instructed to withhold the response. These trials are the NOGO trials.
Responses to Go trials in a condition in which all NOGO trials are followed by GO trials (SL = single lure condition) are compared to responses to GO trials in a condition in which NOGO trials can also be followed by another NOGO trial (DL = double lure condition). Behavior Adaptation is thought to occur if there is a slowing down of responses to GO trials following single (correctly suppressed) lure NOGO trials in the DL condition (when another NOGO trial is possible to follow) compared to the SL condition (when another NOGO trial is impossible).
• 2 Conditions: SL (single lure NOGO trials) vs. DL (mix of double lure and single lure NOGO trials) - tested within participant in a blocked design
• 1 experimental block per condition (tested in a blocked design; order of conditions is counterbalanced by assigned groupnumber)
number of blocks run can be edited under section EDITABLE PARAMETER ( Hester et al ran 3 blocks per condition)
• 314 trials per block
SL: 1 Start GO trial, 153 GO trials (that follow GO trials), 80 single NOGO trials (follow GO trials), 80 GO trials that follow NOGO trials = 314 trials
=> order randomized
DL: 1 Start Go trial, 171 GO trials (that follow GO trials), 44 single NOGO trials (follow GO trials and are followed by a GO trial),
44 GO trials (follow single NOGO trials), 18 double NOGO trials (followed by another NOGO trial),
18 NOGO trials (follow a NOGO trial and are followed by a GO trial) and 18 GO trials (follow the double NOGO trials) = 314 trials
=> order randomized
• 2 optional practice blocks: practice_SL - 25 trials; practice_DL - 29 trials (practice blocks added by Millisecond; not original)
Trial Sequence:
{target (x or y) for 800ms -> fixation cross for 200ms} -> {target.....
Responses to a target are taken until the time the next target is presented.
not original, can be edited under EDITABLE CODE -> Editable Instructions
File Name: behavioradaptiontask_summary*.iqdat
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| inquisit.version | Inquisit version number |
| computer.platform | Device platform: win | mac |ios | android |
| computer.touch | 0 = device has no touchscreen capabilities; 1 = device has touchscreen capabilities |
| computer.hasKeyboard | 0 = no external keyboard detected; 1 = external keyboard detected |
| startDate | Date the session was run |
| startTime | Time the session was run |
| subjectId | Participant ID |
| groupId | Group number |
| sessionId | Session number |
| elapsedTime | Session duration in ms |
| completed | 0 = Test was not completed 1 = Test was completed |
Sl Block |
|
| hitRateSL | Proportion responses in SL Go trials (include anticipatory responses) |
| missRateSL | Proportion omitted responses in SL Go trials |
| propAnticipatorySL | Proportion anticipatory responses to SL Go trials (trials that have latencies < parameters.anticipatoryresponse) |
| faRateSL | Proportion failed suppressions (= responses in SL Nogo Trial) |
| corrRejectRateSL | Proportion correct noresponses in SL Nogo Trials |
| zHitRateSL | The z-score of the SL hit rate |
| zFARateSL | The z-score of the SL false alarm rate |
| dPrimeSL | Computes d' (parametric measure of discriminability btw. signals and noise) => Range (in this script) -5.1516586840152740479 <= dprime <= 5.1516586840152740479 (=perfect performance) => The higher the value, the better signals (go stims) were overall distinguished from noise (nogo stims) (d' = 0: chance performance; negative d-primes: participant treated nontargets as targets and targets as nontargets) |
| cSL | C-criterion in signal detection:The absolute value of c provides an indication of the strength of the response bias/response style negative: participant more likely to report that signal is present (liberal response style) may favor faster responding in speed-accuracy trade-off response paradigms positive: favoring caution (conservative response style) |
Dl Block |
|
| hitRateDL | Proportion responses in DL Go trials (include anticipatory responses) |
| missRateDL | Proportion omitted responses in DL Go trials |
| propAnticipatoryDL | Proportion anticipatory responses to DL Go trials (trials that have latencies < parameters.anticipatoryresponse) |
| faRateDL | Proportion failed suppressions (= responses in DL Nogo Trial) |
| corrRejectRateDL | Proportion correct noresponses in DL Nogo Trials |
| zHitRateDL | The z-score of the DL hit rate |
| zFARateDL | The z-score of the DL false alarm rate |
| dPrimeDL | Computes d' (parametric measure of discriminability btw. signals and noise) => Range (in this script) -5.1516586840152740479 <= dprime <= 5.1516586840152740479 (=perfect performance) => The higher the value, the better signals (go stims) were overall distinguished from noise (nogo stims) (d' = 0: chance performance; negative d-primes: participant treated nontargets as targets and targets as nontargets) |
| cDL | C-criterion in signal detection:The absolute value of c provides an indication of the strength of the response bias/response style negative: participant more likely to report that signal is present (liberal response style) may favor faster responding in speed-accuracy trade-off response paradigms positive: favoring caution (conservative response style) |
Response Times |
|
| meanrtGoSlDL | Mean latency (in ms) of correct GO trials after single correct (aka suppressed) NOGO trials (single lure) in the DL condition |
| meanrtGoSlSL | Mean latency (in ms) of correct GO trials after single correct (aka suppressed) NOGO trials (single lure) in the SL condition |
| rtDiffScore | The difference score between the two => positive RT_Diffscore: slowing down in Go trials after single lures in DL condition (when another lure is possible) compared to Go trials after single lures in SL condition (when no other lure is possible) |
File Name: behavioradaptiontask_raw*.iqdat
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| build | Inquisit version number |
| computer.platform | Device platform: win | mac |ios | android |
| computer.touch | 0 = device has no touchscreen capabilities; 1 = device has touchscreen capabilities |
| computer.hasKeyboard | 0 = no external keyboard detected; 1 = external keyboard detected |
| date | Date the session was run |
| time | Time the session was run |
| subject | Participant ID |
| group | Group number |
| session | Session number |
| blockcode | The name the current block (built-in Inquisit variable) |
| blocknum | The number of the current block (built-in Inquisit variable) |
| trialcode | The name of the currently recorded trial (built-in Inquisit variable) |
| trialnum | The number of the currently recorded trial (built-in Inquisit variable) trialnum is a built-in Inquisit variable; it counts all trials run even those that do not store data to the data file. |
| blockType | "SL": block that only runs single NoGo trials (not followed by other NoGo trials) "DL": block that runs a variety of single and double NoGo trials |
| trialType | "go" vs. "nogo" |
| stimulus | The presented target |
| response | The participant's response (scancode) 57 = spacebar 0 = no response |
| correct | The correctness of the response (1 = correct; 0 = otherwise) |
| rt | The latency of the response in ms (if no response values.rt = ""); measured from onset of target |
| responseType | "NoGo Success" - successful suppression of response to NoGo trial "NoGo Failure" - failed suppression of response to NoGo trials "Go Anticipatory" - possible anticipatory response to Go trials (latency < parameters.anticipatoryresponse) "Go Success" - correct response to Go trials with latency >= parameters.anticipatoryresponse "Go Omission" - omission of response to Go trials ( trialtype distinction added by Millisecond) |
| countGoSL | Counts Go trials across SL Block (regardless of whether they follow a NoGo trial or not) |
| countNoGoSL | Counts NoGo trials across SL Block |
| countGoDL | Counts Go trials across DL Block (regardless of whether they follow a NoGo trial or not) |
| countNoGoDL | Counts NoGo trials across DL Block |
| countAnticipatorySL | Counts anticipatory responses for Go trials across SL Block |
| countAnticipatoryDL | Counts anticipatory responses for Go trials across DL Block |
| countFailedSuppressionsSL | Counts failed suppressions across SL Block |
| countFailedSuppressionsDL | Counts failed suppressions across DL Block |
| countOmissionsSL | Counts omissions in across SL Block |
| countOmissionsDL | Counts omissions across DL Block |
| sumrtGoSlsl | Sum up correct latencies of GO trials that come after a single correct NOGO trial in the SL condition |
| countGoSlsl | Count correct GO trials that come after a single correct NOGO trial in the SL condition |
| sumrtGoSldl | Count correct GO trials that come after a single correct NOGO trial in the DL condition |
| countGoSldl | Sum up correct latencies of GO trials that come after a single correct NOGO trial in the DL condition |
The procedure can be adjusted by setting the following parameters.
| Name | Description | Default |
|---|---|---|
Design |
||
| numberSLBlocks | The number of consecutive SL blocks to run | 1 |
| numberDLBlocks | The number of consecutive DL blocks to run Notes 1. Hester et al ran 3 blocks per condition 2. Each block takes appr. 6 minutes to run | 1 |
| skipPractice | True = practice blocks are skipped false = practice block are run | false |
Sizing Parameters |
||
| fontSizeTarget | Fontsize of the targets in screen height percentages | 10% |
| fontSizeFixation | Fontsize of the fixation mark in screen height percentages | 3% |
Timing Parameters |
||
| stimulusDuration | Presentation duration of the targets in ms | 800 |
| fixationDuration | Presentation duration of the fixation stimulus in ms | 200 |
| anticipatoryResponse | Latencies in ms in Go trials faster than this value are coded as anticipatory responses | 100 |