___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Production Effect Task ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Script Author: Katja Borchert, Ph.D. (katjab@millisecond.com) for Millisecond Software, LLC Date: 05-26-2023 last updated: 06-13-2023 by K. Borchert (katjab@millisecond.com) for Millisecond Software, LLC Script Copyright © 06-13-2023 Millisecond Software ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ BACKGROUND INFO ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ This script implements Millisecond Software's version of the Production Effect Task which studies the advantage of reading stimuli aloud (as opposed to reading them silently) during study on later memory recognition. *Reference* MacLeod, C. M., Gopie, N., Hourihan, K. L., Neary, K. R., & Ozubko, J. D. (2010). The Production Effect: Delineation of a Phenomenon. Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 36(3), 671–685. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018785 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TASK DESCRIPTION ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Participants work through 3 experimental stages: 1. Study: During study, participants are asked to read ALOUD words printed in blue color but read words printed in white color silently. 2. Test1: Participants are asked to do a speed reading task on half of the studied words (as well as on a subset of new words) to study priming effects. 3. Test2: Participants work on a recognition task. The other half of the studied words as well as another subset of new words are presented one word at a time and participants have to decide whether they have seen the word during study (YES) or not (NO). ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ DURATION ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ the default set-up of the script takes appr. 8 minutes to complete phase1: ~3 min phase2: ~2 min phase3: ~ 2 min -------------------- about 8 minutes total ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ DATA FILE INFORMATION ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The default data stored in the data files are: (1) Raw data file: 'productioneffect_raw*.iqdat' (a separate file for each participant) build: The specific Inquisit version used (the 'build') that was run computer.platform: the platform the script was run on (win/mac/ios/android) date, time: date and time script was run subject: with the current subject id group: with the current group id session: with the current session id blockcode, blocknum: the name and number of the current block (built-in Inquisit variable) trialcode, trialnum: the name and number of the currently recorded trial (built-in Inquisit variable) Note: trialnum is a built-in Inquisit variable; it counts all trials run; even those that do not store data to the data file. phase: 1 = study; 2 = test1 (speed reading); 3 = test2 (recognition test) trialCounter_perphase: trialCounter per phase expCondition: 1 = study word; 2 = new word (not used during study) instructCondition: 1 = read aloud study word (in blue); 2 = read silently study word (in white) testingCondition: 1 = word is assigned to test1 (speed reading); 2 = word is assigned to test2 (recognition test) itemnumber: the itemnumber of the currently presented word word: the actual word presented color: the color the word is presented in stimulusitem: presented stimuli response: the response of participant (scancode of response button) responseText: label of pressed response key correct: correctness of response (1 = correct, 0 = error) latency: response latency (in ms); measured from: onset of word (2) Summary data file: 'productioneffect_summary*.iqdat' (a separate file for each participant) inquisit.version: Inquisit version run computer.platform: the platform the script was run on (win/mac/ios/android) startDate: date script was run startTime: time script was started subjectid: assigned subject id number groupid: assigned group id number sessionid: assigned session id number elapsedTime: time it took to run script (in ms); measured from onset to offset of script completed: 0 = script was not completed (prematurely aborted); 1 = script was completed (all conditions run) //Speed reading (test1) //NOTE: McLeod et al (2010) did NOT find a production Effect of words read ALOUD in this implicit test //(words that were read aloud did NOT have a faster onset time than words that were read silently during study) test1_productionEffect: the difference in ms (SILENT - ALOUD) in onset reading time of words (onset reading time = time btw. word onset and reading response onset) => positive: ALOUD words have a faster onset reading time => negative: ALOUD words have a slower onset reading time test1_meanRT_instruct1: the onset reading time (in ms) of study words that were read ALOUD test1_meanRT_instruct2: the onset reading time (in ms) of study words that were read SILENTLY test1_meanRT_new: the onset reading time (in ms) of new (non-study) words //Recognition Test (test2): analyses of YES (that was a study word) responses test2_productionEffect: the difference in proportion YES-responses (ALOUD - SILENT) => positive: ALOUD words were recognized more than SILENT study words => negative: ALOUD words were recognized less than SILENT study words test2_propYes_instruct1: the proportion YES-responses for study words that were read ALOUD test2_propYes_instruct2: the proportion YES-responses for study words that were read SILENTLY test2_propYes_new: the proportion YES-responses for new (non-study) words *Notes on recorded Soundfiles* VoiceRecords: these are records that record participants' utterances in trials during which they are supposed to utter the presented words Soundcaptures: these are records that record participants' utterances in trials during which they are supposed to silently read the items. These soundcaptures can be turned off under trial.study_instruct2 => the couple of digits in the soundfile names reference the 'trialnum' during which they were recorded ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Participant work through 3 phases 1. Phase (STUDY): - 80 words (40 presented in blue to be read ALOUD; 40 presented in white to be ready SILENTLY); each word is presented once - the order of the words is randomized for each participant //Trial Sequence// *blue words: blue word is presented until the participant starts reading it ALOUD -> 500ms blank screen (Note: Inquisit does not automatically check that the word that participants say is the word presented. However, Inquisit saves a record of each uttered word) *white words: white word is presented for 2000ms -> 500ms blank screen (Note: Inquisit does not automatically check that participants do not read the white words out aloud. However, Inquisit saves records of uttered words made during the word presentation time for a possible manual check) 2. Phase (TEST1: Speed Reading) - 40 study words (20 presented in blue during study; 20 presented in white during study) - 20 new words - all words are presented in yellow font - order of the words is randomized for each participant //Trial Sequence// word is presented until the participants start reading it ALOUD -> 500ms blank screen 3. Phase (TEST2: Recognition) - 40 study words (20 presented in blue during study; 20 presented in white during study) - 20 new words - all words are presented in yellow font - order of the words is randomized for each participant Note: none of the words presented during phase2 (speed reading) //Trial Sequence// word is presented until key response -> 500ms blank screen ///////////////////////////////////////// Word-Phase Assignment ///////////////////////////////////////// At the start of the script, the script randomly assigns the provided 120 words as follows: 20 blue study words that re-appear in test1 (speed reading) 20 blue study words that re-appear in test2 (recognition) 20 white study words that re-appear in test1 (speed reading) 20 white study words that re-appear in test2 (recognition) ------------------------------------------- 80 study words 20 'new' words to appear only in test1 (speed reading) 20 'new' words to appear only in test2 (recognition) ------------------------------------------- 40 new words ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ STIMULI ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 120 Word Stimuli taken from the appendix of MacDonald & McLeod (1998): MacDonald, P. A., & MacLeod, C. M. (1998). The influence of attention at encoding on direct and indirect remembering. Acta Psychologica, 98, 291–310. => can be edited under section 'Editable Stimuli' ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ INSTRUCTIONS ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ provided by Millisecond Software - can be edited under section 'Editable Instructions' ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ EDITABLE CODE ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ check below for (relatively) easily editable parameters, stimuli, instructions etc. Keep in mind that you can use this script as a template and therefore always "mess" with the entire code to further customize your experiment. The parameters you can change are: //Design: / numberOfTrials_perStudyCondition = 20 //number of trials per condition //'condition' here refers to: //blue words (instruct1) used for speed reading (test1) //blue words (instruct1) used for recognition (test2) //white words (instruct2) used for speed reading (test1) //white words (instruct2) used for recognition (test2) //NOTE: the number of words listed under item.words should be equal to: //= 4*numberOfTrials_perStudyCondition + 2*numberOfTrials_perStudyCondition //= 6*numberOfTrials_perStudyCondition //colorassignment parameter / color1_study = "blue" //the color assigned to the active/read aloud study words (during study phase) / color2_study = "white" //the color assigned to the passive/read silently study words (during study phase) / color_test = "yellow" //the word color during test1/test2 //Note: if the colors are changed, the instruction image may have to be changed accordingly //sizing parameters / wordheight_inpct = 10% //the relative (to canvas) size of the presented words //timing parameters / studyDuration_inms = 2000 //the duration (in ms) of the 'silent' study words / study_iti_inms = 500 //the duration (in ms) of the blank intertrial interval during the study phase / test1_iti_inms = 500 //the duration (in ms) of the blank intertrial interval during the test1 (speed reading) phase / test2_iti_inms = 500 //the duration (in ms) of the blank intertrial interval during the test2 (recognition) phase //recognition responseKeys: / yes_Responsekey = "Y" / no_Responsekey = "N" //miscellaneous / showResponseReminder = true //true: show a response (key) reminder for test2 (recognition test) trials //false: do not show a response (key) reminder