___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ *STEREOTYPE ACTIVATION - Priming Paradigm* ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Script Author: Katja Borchert, Ph.D. (katjab@millisecond.com) for Millisecond Software, LLC Date: 12-06-2016 last updated: 02-28-2022 by K. Borchert (katjab@millisecond.com) for Millisecond Software, LLC Script Copyright © 02-28-2022 Millisecond Software ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ BACKGROUND INFO ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ This script implements a variant of the Stereotype Activation Paradigm that measures stereotype activation/inhibition using reaction times to words (either control words or stereotype-relevant words) that follow the presentation of stereotype relevant imagery. The procedure is closely related to a basic priming paradigm. In general, priming procedures are simple response-timed binary categorization tasks of items from two target categories (e.g. positive vs. negative adjectives). Priming Procedures are based on the assumption that people respond faster if the target category was already 'mentally activated' by briefly presenting items (called 'primes') that are closely connected in one's mind. Thus, a person should be faster to quickly categorize the target word 'good' as 'positive' after the brief presentation of the prime word 'ice-cream' than after the brief presentation of the prime word 'famine'. In this script, the basic priming procedure is 'spread out' across two seemingly unrelated tasks. Task 1 presents the primes as images; Task 2 (a lexical decision task) presents the target words. The implemented procedure is based on: Moskowitz, G.B. & Li, P.(2011). Egalitarian goals trigger stereotype inhibition: A proactive form of stereotype control. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 47, 103–116. Millisecond Software thanks Dr. Gordon Moskowitz and Joe Vitriol for their collaboration on this script! ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TASK DESCRIPTION ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Participants work on 2 tasks that immediately follow one another: Trial1 (Task1) -> Trial2 (Task2) -> Trial3 (Task1) -> Trial4 (Task2) -> etc. (1) Priming Task: participants see (a) an image of a black or white, male face (the target primes) OR an object (control primes) either above or below the fixation cross and (b) opposite to the prime (either below of above the fixation cross), a pair of letter strings (either words or nonwords) that are either the same (e.g. 'matter' 'matter') or different (e.g. 'across' 'policy'). The task is to decide as fast as possible whether the letter strings are the 'same' or 'different' while trying to ignore the distracting image (cover story). (2) Lexical Decision Task: after the priming task, participants view a string of letters (the target) and have to decide whether the letters form a word or not. For the critical trials in this task, participants see Black and White male faces as primes that are paired with a pair of identical nonwords in phase1. For task2, the Black and White primes (from task 1) each are followed by 8 stereotypic and 8 ctrl words. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ DURATION ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ the default set-up of the script takes appr. 12 minutes to complete ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ DATA FILE INFORMATION ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The default data stored in the data files are: (1) Raw data file: 'stereotypeactivation_raw*.iqdat' (a separate file for each participant)* build: The specific Inquisit version used (the 'build') that was run computer.platform: the platform the script was run on (win/mac/ios/android) date, time: date and time script was run subject, group: with the current subject/groupnumber session: with the current session id blockcode, blocknum: the name and number of the current block (built-in Inquisit variable) trialcode, trialnum: the name and number of the currently recorded trial (built-in Inquisit variable) Note: trialnum is a built-in Inquisit variable; it counts all trials run; even those that do not store data to the data file such as feedback trials. Thus, trialnum may not reflect the number of main trials run per block. test: 0 = practice phase; 1 = test phase trialtype: 1 (critical) vs. 2 (filler) phase: 1 (priming task); 2 (lexical decision task) prime: 1 (Black faces); 2 (White faces); 3 (objects) pairIdentity: 1 (same/identical); 2 (different) (phase1) wordType: 1 = phase 1 WORDS; 2 = phase 1 NONWORDS target: 1 (lexical decision task WORD); 2 (lexical decision task NON WORD) valence: 0 (filler words in phase2), 1 (ctrl target words in phase2); 2 (stereotypic target words in phase2) primeStim: the currently presented prime stimulus letterString1: phase 1 letter string 1 letterString2: phase 1 letter string 2 targetStim: the currently presented target stimulus targetStimNr: the itemnumber of the presented target stimulus prime_y: stores the y-coordinate (in %) of the current prime letterstring_y: stores the x-coordinate (in %) of the current letter string pair Note: letterString1 sits 2% above this location, letterString2 sits 2% below this location response: the participant's response (scancode of response button) 16 = Q 25 = P 57 = spacebar 0 = no response responseCategory: stores the response classification Phase 1: same or different Phase 2: word or nonword correct: the correctness of the response (1 = correct; 0 = incorrect) latency: the response latency (in ms); phase1: measured from onset of letter strings phase2: measured from onset of target words (2) Summary data file: 'stereotypeactivation_summary*.iqdat' (a separate file for each participant)* inquisit.version: Inquisit version run computer.platform: the platform the script was run on (win/mac/ios/android) startDate: date script was run startTime: time script was started subjectid: assigned subject id number groupid: assigned group id number sessionid: assigned session id number elapsedTime: time it took to run script (in ms); measured from onset to offset of script completed: 0 = script was not completed (prematurely aborted); 1 = script was completed (all conditions run) summary variables for critical trials only: propcorrect: overall proportion correct (Lexical Decision Task) meanRT: overall mean correct latency (in ms) (Lexical Decision Task) SD: standarddeviation of correct latencies (in ms) propCorrect_Bprime_ctrl: proportion correct (Lexical Decision Task) for ctrl words following a Black prime face propCorrect_Bprime_stereotypic: proportion correct (Lexical Decision Task) for stereotypic words following a Black prime face propCorrect_Wprime_ctrl: proportion correct (Lexical Decision Task) for ctrl words following a White prime face propCorrect_Wprime_stereotypic: proportion correct (Lexical Decision Task) for stereotypic words following a White prime face meanRT_Bprime_ctrl: mean latency (in ms) of correct responses (Lexical Decision Task) for ctrl words following a Black prime face meanRT_Bprime_stereotypic: mean latency (in ms) of correct responses (Lexical Decision Task) for stereotypic words following a Black prime face meanRT_Wprime_ctrl: mean latency (in ms) of correct responses (Lexical Decision Task) for ctrl words following a White prime face meanRT_Wprime_stereotypic: mean latency (in ms) of correct responses (Lexical Decision Task) for stereotypic words following a White prime face DiffScore_ctrl: Difference in mean latencies for ctrl targets after B primes and W primes (meanRT_Bprime_ctrl - meanRT_Wprime_ctrl) DiffScore_stereotypic: Difference in mean latencies for stereotypic targets after B primes and W primes (meanRT_Bprime_stereotypic - meanRT_Wprime_stereotypic) => positive scores: Inhibition => negative scores: Activation/Facilitation corrected mean latencies: removes all latencies that are 3 standard deviations (SD) or more away from the overall mean (meanRT) corrmeanRT_Bprime_ctrl: corrected mean latency (in ms) of correct responses (Lexical Decision Task) for ctrl words following a Black prime face corrmeanRT_Bprime_stereotypic: corrected mean latency (in ms) of correct responses (Lexical Decision Task) for stereotypic words following a Black prime face corrmeanRT_Wprime_ctrl: corrected mean latency (in ms) of correct responses (Lexical Decision Task) for ctrl words following a White prime face corrmeanRT_Wprime_stereotypic: corrected mean latency (in ms) of correct responses (Lexical Decision Task) for stereotypic words following a White prime face corrDiffScore_ctrl: Difference in mean latencies for ctrl targets after B primes and W primes (corrmeanRT_Bprime_ctrl - corrmeanRT_Wprime_ctrl) corrDiffScore_stereotypic: Difference in mean latencies for stereotypic targets after B primes and W primes (corrmeanRT_Bprime_stereotypic - corrmeanRT_Wprime_stereotypic) => positive scores: Inhibition => negative scores: Activation/Facilitation * separate data files: to change to one data file for all participants (on Inquisit Lab only), go to section "DATA" and follow further instructions ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Practice: 16 trials total - 8 trials with white faces: 4 with words in phase 2 (phase1: 1 with same words, 1 with different words, 1 with same nonwords, 1 with different nonwords) 4 with nonwords (phase1: 1 with same words, 1 with different words, 1 with same nonwords, 1 with different nonwords) - 8 trials with objects: 4 with words in phase 2 (phase1: 1 with same words, 1 with different words, 1 with same nonwords, 1 with different nonwords) 4 with nonwords (phase1: 1 with same words, 1 with different words, 1 with same nonwords, 1 with different nonwords) Error feedback during practice: red X presented for 500ms Test: 2 test blocks: each run 56 trials -> 112 trials total - each block runs: * 16 critical trials: 4 trials – Black faces paired with identical non-words in phase 1 and stereotypic words in phase 2 4 trials -- White faces paired with identical non-words in phase 1 and stereotypic words in phase 2 4 trials – Black faces paired with identical non-words in phase 1 and control words in phase 2 4 trials -- White faces paired with identical non-words in phase 1 and control words in phase 2 *40 filler trials with 28 non-words and 12 words in phase 2 (since the critical trials above had 16 words) 12 white faces paired with non-words in phase 2 (4 same word, 4 different word, 4 different non-word in phase 1) 12 objects paired with filler words (4 same word, 4 different word, 4 different non-word in phase 1) 16 objects paired with non-words (4 same word, 6 different word, 6 different non-word in phase 1) - the order of the trials is randomized - all words/nonwords used in phase 2 are run twice Trial Sequence: Phase 1: FixationCross (2000ms) -> Image + Word Pair (presented for max.5000ms, above and below fixation cross) -> Response (Response Window: 1000ms, same as primeDuration) -> ITI: 400ms Phase 2: Target Word/Nonword (stay on until Response or for max. 1500ms) Note: by default, the vertical position of the primes are selected randomly with replacement for each trial. Response Button Assignment: same (Phase1) + word (Phase2): same response key different (Phase1) + nonword (Phase2): same response key The assignment of the two response buttons (default: Q (left), P (right) -> can be edited under section Editable Parameters) is counterbalanced across groupnumbers. odd groupnumbers: same/word -> Q; different/nonword -> P even groupnumbers: same/word -> P; different/nonword -> Q ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ STIMULI ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ face stimuli: script uses placeholders as of now - pictures of black and white male faces can be downloaded from from the Chicago Face Database: http://faculty.chicagobooth.edu/bernd.wittenbrink/cfd/index.html Go to section 'Editable Stimuli' and replace the file names for the face primes. object stimuli as well as word/nonword stimuli: generously shared by Dr. Gordon Moskowitz ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ INSTRUCTIONS ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ provided by Millisecond Software - can be edited under section "Editable Stimuli" ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ EDITABLE CODE ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ check below for (relatively) easily editable parameters, stimuli, instructions etc. Keep in mind that you can use this script as a template and therefore always "mess" with the entire code to further customize your experiment. The parameters you can change are: /leftKey: the left keyboard scancode (default: "Q") /rightKey: the right keyboard scancode (default: "P") Timing Parameters: /fixationDuration: the duration of the fixation cross (default: 2000ms) /maxPrimeDuration: the max. duration of task 1 in ms (default: 1000ms) /iti: the duration of the intertrial interval btw. task 1 and task 2 in ms (default: 400ms) /RW_phase2: the response window for phase 2 (lexical decision task) in ms (default: 1500ms) Sizing Parameters: /fixationSize: the proportional screen size of the fixation cross (default: 5%) /pairFontsize: the proportional screen size of the pair words in task 1 (default: 3%) /targetFontsize: the proportional screen size of the target string of letters in task 2 (default: 5%) /primeSize: the proportional screen size of the prime image (default: 30%) /top_y: the placement above the fixation cross in canvas screen percentages (50% = center) (default: 30%) /bottom_y: the placement below the fixation cross in canvas screen percentages (50% = center) (default: 70%)