___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Affective Go/Nogo Task ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ script Author: Katja Borchert, Ph.D. (katjab@millisecond.com) for Millisecond Software, LLC Date: 08-15-2018 last updated: 09-25-2024 by K. Borchert (katjab@millisecond.com) for Millisecond Software, LLC Script Copyright © 09-25-2024 Millisecond Software ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ BACKGROUND INFO ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Go/Nogo Tasks are used as behavioral measures of inhibition and cognitive control. This script implements a Go/Nogo Task procedure to study inhibition in the context of valenced stimuli. The implemented procedure is based on: Chuang, Jie-Yu et al (2017). Adolescent Major Depressive Disorder: Neuroimaging Evidence of Sex Difference during an Affective Go/No-Go Task. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 8, 1-12. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TASK DESCRIPTION ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Participants view positive, negative or neutral words and are asked to: Condition 1: press the space bar when they see a positive word ("go") and only then (nogo words: neutral words) Condition 2: press the space bar when they see a neutral word ("go") and only then (nogo words: positive words) Condition 3: press the space bar when they see a positive word ("go") and only then (nogo words: negative words) Condition 4: press the space bar when they see a negative word ("go") and only then (nogo words: positive words) Condition 5: press the space bar when they see a negative word ("go") and only then (nogo words: neutral words) Condition 6: press the space bar when they see a neutral word ("go") and only then (nogo words: negative words) ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ DURATION ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ the default set-up of the script takes appr. 15 minutes to complete ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ DATA OUTPUT DICTIONARY ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The fields in the data files are: (1) Raw data file: 'affectivegonogo_raw*.iqdat' (a separate file for each participant)* build: The specific Inquisit version used (the 'build') that was run computer.platform: the platform the script was run on (winmaciosandroid) date, time: date and time script was run subject, group: with the current subject/groupnumber session: with the current session id blockCode, blockNum: the name and number of the current block (built-in Inquisit variable) trialCode, trialNum: the name and number of the currently recorded trial (built-in Inquisit variable) Note: trialNum is a built-in Inquisit variable; it counts all trials run; even those that do not store data to the data file such as feedback trials. Thus, trialNum may not reflect the number of main trials run per block. condition: HN: go = positivehappy; nogo = neutral (by default: positive words are repeated twice after reset; neutral words are repeated once) NH: go = neutral; nogo = positive (by default: neutral words are repeated twice after reset; positive words are repeated once) HS: go = positivehappy; nogo = negative (by default: positive words are repeated twice after reset; negative words are repeated once) SH: go = negativesad; nogo = positive (by default: negative words are repeated twice after reset; positive words are repeated once) SN: go = negativesad; nogo = neutral (by default: negative words are repeated twice after reset; neutral words are repeated once) NS: go = neutral; nogo = negative (by default: neutral words are repeated twice after reset; negative words are repeated once) goStim: "NEUTRAL" vs. "HAPPY" vs. "SAD" (current go words) noGoStim: "NEUTRAL" vs. "HAPPY" vs. "SAD" (current nogo words) iti: current intertrial interval in ms (default: 0) word: the currently presented word response: Scancode of the pressed response key (Example:) 57 = space bar 0 = no response (21 = Y; 49 = N) correct: accuracy of response: 1 = correct response; 0 = otherwise responseCategory: go trials: HIT (correctly pressing response key), MISS (response key was not pressed); nogo trials: FA (false alarm = incorrectly pressing response key), CR (correct rejection: response key was not pressed) latency: the latency (in ms) of the current trial (does not have to be a go, nogo trial) respRT: response time (in ms) of current practice and test gonogo trials, measured from onset of word until response (Note: if no response, 'response RT' is empty) (2) Summary data file: 'affectivegonogo_summary*.iqdat' (a separate file for each participant)* inquisit.version: Inquisit version run computer.platform: the platform the script was run on (win/mac/ios/android) startDate: date script was run startTime: time script was started subjectId: assigned subject id number groupId: assigned group id number sessionId: assigned session id number elapsedTime: time it took to run script (in ms); measured from onset to offset of script completed: 0 = script was not completed (prematurely aborted); 1 = script was completed (all conditions run) Note: this script does not remove outliers Note: the following expressions calculate z-scores based on hit and FA rate.(see Gregg & Sedikides, 2010, p.148) If the hitrate or FA rate is 0 => 0.005 is used instead IF the hitrate or FA rate is 1.0 => 0.995 is used instead reference: Gregg, A. & Sedikides, C. (2010). Narcissistic Fragility: Rethinking Its Links to Explicit and Implicit Self-esteem, Self and Identity, 9:2, 142-161 (p.148) hitRate: the overall Hit rate across all blocks (hit = pressing space bar for go stimuli) missRate: the overall Miss rate across all blocks (1-hitRate) faRate: the overall False Alarm rate across all blocks (FA = pressing space bar for nogo stimuli) corrRejectRate: the overall Correct Rejection rate acroos all blocks (1-faRate) //signal detection measures Note: *Adjustments to z-scores as recommended by: Gregg, A. & Sedikides, C. (2010). Narcissistic Fragility: Rethinking Its Links to Explicit and Implicit Self-esteem, Self and Identity, 9:2, 142-161 (p.148) => Adjustments are made if the FArate (hitRate) = 0 (increased to 0.005) or 1 (decreased to 0.995)* zHitRate: the z-score of the overall hitrate zFARate: the z-score of the overall FA rate dPrime: difference btw. (zscore of hitrate - zscore of FArate): measure of Sensitivity => Range (in this script): -5.1516586840152740479 <= dprime <= 5.1516586840152740479 (=perfect performance) => The higher the value, the better signals were overall distinguished from noise (d' = 0: chance performance; negative d-primes: participant treated nontargets as targets and targets as nontargets) c: c-criterion in signal detection:The absolute value of c provides an indication of the strength of the response bias/response style negative: participant more likely to report that signal is present (liberal response style); may favor faster responding in speed-accuracy trade-off response paradigms positive: favoring caution (conservative response style) meanHitRT: the overall mean hit response time (in ms) sdHitRT: standard deviation of the hit response times across blocks (in ms) //per block: hitRateHN: the Hit rate in HN block (go: positive/happy words, nogo: neutral words) missRateHN: the Miss rate in HN block (1-hitRateHN) faRateHN: the False Alarm rate (commission rate) in HN block corrRejectRateHN: the Correct Rejection rate in HN block (1-faRateHN) zHitRateHN: the z-score of the HN Hit rate zFARateHN: the z-score of the HN FA rate dPrimeHN: difference btw. (zHitRate - zFARate) in HN block: measure of Sensitivity c: c-criterion for block HN hitRTHN: mean hit response time (in ms) in HN block (same for all other conditions) hn: positive/happy GO, neutral NOGO nh: neutral GO, positivehappy NOGO hs: positive/happy GO, negativesad NOGO hs: negative/sad GO, positivehappy NOGO sn: negative/sad GO, neutral NOGO ns: neutral GO, negativesad NOGO * separate data files: to change to one data file for all participants (on Inquisit Lab only), go to section "DATA" and follow further instructions ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Practice: optional (see parameters.runPractice) * 10 trials (5 go, 5 nogo) * script uses 'living things' as GO stimuli and 'non-living things' as NOGO stimuli * provides feedback Test: * 3 rounds of testing * each round consists of 6 Conditions (Note: this script does not run the 7th condition run by Chuang et al): order of conditions is randomly determined HN: go = positive/happy; nogo = neutral (by default: positive words are repeated twice after reset; neutral words are repeated once) NH: go = neutral; nogo = positive (by default: neutral words are repeated twice after reset; positive words are repeated once) HS: go = positive/happy; nogo = negative (by default: positive words are repeated twice after reset; negative words are repeated once) SH: go = negative/sad; nogo = positive (by default: negative words are repeated twice after reset; positive words are repeated once) SN: go = negative/sad; nogo = neutral (by default: negative words are repeated twice after reset; neutral words are repeated once) NS: go = neutral; nogo = negative (by default: neutral words are repeated twice after reset; negative words are repeated once) * Each condition runs 20 trials (10 go trials, 10 nogo trial); trial order of go-nogo trials is generated at random (go: nogo ratio can be changed under section BLOCKS) * each condition runs all 10 stimuli of the GO and NOGO category once Default Trial Sequence: word (450ms) -> clearScreen (750ms): response timeout after 1200ms -> iti = 0 (see list.iti) (iti presents clearScreen) ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ STIMULI ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ provided by Millisecond Software - can be edited/exchanged under section Editable Stimuli words selected from: Bradley, M.M., & Lang, P.J. (1999). Affective norms for English words (ANEW): Instruction manual and affective ratings. Technical Report C-1, The Center for Research in Psychophysiology, University of Florida. The words are roughly matched in mean valence and mean length 10 negative words (scale: 1-9): mean valence: 1.47 (range: 1.25-1.61), mean length: 6.8 10 neutral words (scale: 1-9): mean valence: 5 (range: 4.95-5.05), mean length: 6.1 10 positive words (scale: 1-9): mean valence: 8.57 (range: 8.39-8.82), mean length: 7 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ INSTRUCTIONS ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ provided by Millisecond Software - can be edited under section Editable Instructions ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ EDITABLE CODE ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ check below for (relatively) easily editable parameters, stimuli, instructions etc. Keep in mind that you can use this script as a template and therefore always "mess" with the entire code to further customize your experiment. The parameters you can change are: /fixationSize: proportional sizing of fixation cross (relative to canvas height) (default: 10%) /wordSize: proportional sizing of words (relative to canvas height) (default: 8%) /runPractice: true: script runs a short practice session with item.practice as the go items false: script does not run a practice session /practiceFeedbackDuration: the duration (in ms) of the correct practice Feedback (default: 1000ms) Note: error feedback terminates by space bar press /getReadyDuration: the duration (in ms) of the 'ready' trial (default: 5000ms) /startFixation: the duration (in ms) of the first fixation cross in a block (default: 2500ms) /endFixation: the duration (in ms) of the last (red) fixation cross in a block (default: 2000ms) /stimDuration: the duration (in ms) of the words (default: 450ms) /responseDuration: the response timeout (in ms), measured from onset of word (default: 1200ms) Note: for a stim duration of 500ms, a blank screen is presented for the remaining 1000ms /goKey: go-key (default: " " = space bar)