___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Ambivalent Sexism GNAT ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ last updated: 10-07-2024 by K. Borchert (katjab@millisecond.com) for Millisecond Software, LLC This script was made available to the Millisecond Task Library by Dr. Britzman. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ BACKGROUND INFO ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ This script implements the Go-Nogo Association Task (GNAT) to investigate implicit ambivalent sexism by Britzman & Mehić-Parker (in press). Literature Reference: Britzman, K.J & Mehić-Parker, J. (2023). Understanding Electability: The Effects of Implicit and Explicit Sexism on Candidate Perceptions. Journal of Women, Politics & Policy. (in press) Nosek, B. A., & Banaji, M. R. (2001). The go/no-go association task. Social Cognition, 19(6), 625-666. Adjustments to z-scores as described by: Gregg, A. & Sedikides, C. (2010). Narcissistic Fragility: Rethinking Its Links to Explicit and Implicit Self-esteem, Self and Identity, 9:2, 142-161 (p.148) ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ DURATION ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ the default set-up of the script takes appr. 10 minutes to complete ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ DATA OUTPUT DICTIONARY ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The fields in the data files are: (1) Raw data file: 'implicitsexism_raw*.iqdat' (a separate file for each participant) build: The specific Inquisit version used (the 'build') that was run computer.platform: the platform the script was run on (win/mac/ios/android) date, time, date and time script was run subject, group, with the current subject/groupnumber script.sessionId: with the current session id blockCode, blockNum: the name and number of the current block (built-in Inquisit variable) trialCode, trialNum: the name and number of the currently recorded trial (built-in Inquisit variable) Note: trialNum is a built-in Inquisit variable; it counts all trials run; even those that do not store data to the data file. phase: "training" (single category categorization) vs. "test" (2 categories categorization) item.targetAlabel.item(1)the category used for target A item.targetBlabel.item(1): the category used for target B item.attributeAlabel.item(1): the category used for attribute A item.attributeBlabel.item(1): the category used for attribute B responseTimeoutTarget: time in ms that is allowed for response in a signal trial responseTimeoutNoise: time in ms that is allowed for response in a noise trial signal: 1 = signal trial (spacebar response is correct); 0 = noisetrial (no response is correct) targetType: "A" vs. "B" pairing: "AA" -> targetA-attributeA "AB" -> targetA-attributeB "BA" -> targetB-attributeA "BB" -> targetB-attributeB trialType: Training phase:"training" Test phase: "practice" vs. "test" stimulusItem: the presented stimulusitems in order of presentation in stimulusframes (see trials) response: response made (either 57 = Spacebar or 0 for no response) correct: the accuracy of response (1 = correct; 0 = error) latency: the latency of the response in ms (or if no response: response timeout duration) (2) Summary data file: computer.platform: the platform the script was run on (win/mac/ios/android) script.startDate: date script was run script.startTime: time script was started script.subjectId: assigned subject id number script.groupId: assigned group id number script.sessionId: assigned session id number script.elapsedTime: time it took to run script (in ms); measured from onset to offset of script script.completed: 0 = script was not completed (prematurely aborted); 1 = script was completed (all conditions run) parameters.responseTimeout1Signal: stores the response timeouts in ms used for signals in the testblocks in this script parameters.responseTimeout1Noise: stores the response timeouts in ms used for noise in in the testblocks in this script parameters.responseTimeout2Signal: stores the response timeouts in ms used for signals in the testblocks in this script parameters.responseTimeout2Noise: stores the response timeouts in ms used for noise in in the testblocks in this script parameters.responseTimeout3Signal: stores the response timeouts in ms used for signals in the testblocks in this script parameters.responseTimeout3Noise: stores the response timeouts in ms used for noise in in the testblocks in this script item.targetAlabel.item(1)the category used for target A item.targetBlabel.item(1): the category used for target B item.attributeAlabel.item(1): the category used for attribute A item.attributeBlabel.item(1): the category used for attribute B propCorrectAA: overall proportion correct for pairing targetA-attributeA; test trials only propCorrectAB: overall proportion correct for pairing targetA-attributeB; test trials only propCorrectBA: overall proportion correct for pairing targetB-attributeA; test trials only propCorrectBB: overall proportion correct for pairing targetB-attributeB; test trials only ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// TARGET A Conditions signals = women ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////// AA Condition: signals = women OR occupation stims noise = anything else (men OR qualities stims) //////////////////////////////////////////////////// rHitAA: hit rate for pairing targetA-attributeA across all responsetimeouts; test trials only hit: pressing spacebar for signals (women OR occupation stims) in AA condition rMissAA: miss rate for pairing targetA-attributeA across all responsetimeouts; test trials only miss: not pressing spacebar for signals (women OR occupation stims) in AA condition rFaAA: false alarm (FA) rate for pairing targetA-attributeA across all responsetimeouts; test trials only false alarm: pressing spacebar for noise stims (men OR qualities stims) in AA condition rCrAA: correct rejection (CR) for pairing targetA-attributeA across all responsetimeouts; test trials only cr: not pressing spacebar for noise stims (men OR qualities stims) in AA condition zHitAA: z-score of hit rate for pairings targetA-attributeA (here: women-occupation) zFaAA: z-score of FA rate for pairings targetA-attributeA (here: women-occupation) Note: *Adjustments to z-scores as recommended by: Gregg, A. & Sedikides, C. (2010). Narcissistic Fragility: Rethinking Its Links to Explicit and Implicit Self-esteem, Self and Identity, 9:2, 142-161 (p.148) => Adjustments are made if the FArate (hitRate) = 0 (increased to 0.005) or 1 (decreased to 0.995)* dPrimeAA: Computes d' (parametric measure of discriminability btw. signals and noise) for 'women-occupation' Pairings => Range (in this script): -5.1516586840152740479 <= dprime <= 5.1516586840152740479 (=perfect performance) => The higher the value, the better signals (go stims) were distinguished from noise (nogo stims) (d' = 0: chance performance; negative d-primes: participant treated nontargets as targets and targets as nontargets) cAA: c-criterion in signal detection:The absolute value of c provides an indication of the strength of the response bias/response style negative: participant more likely to report that signal (go stims) is present (liberal response style); may favor faster responding in speed-accuracy trade-off response paradigms positive: favoring caution (conservative response style) //////////////////////////////////////////////////// AB Condition: signals = women OR qualities noise = anything else (men OR occupation) //////////////////////////////////////////////////// rHitAB: hit rate for pairing targetA-attributeB across all responsetimeouts; test trials only hit: pressing spacebar for signals (women OR qualities) in AA condition rMissAB: miss rate for pairing targetA-attributeB across all responsetimeouts; test trials only miss: not pressing spacebar for signals (women OR qualities) in AA condition rFaAB: false alarm (FA) rate for pairing targetA-attributeB across all responsetimeouts; test trials only false alarm: pressing spacebar for noise stims (men OR occupation) in AA condition rCrAB: correct rejection (CR) for pairing targetA-attributeB across all responsetimeouts; test trials only cr: not pressing spacebar for noise stims (men OR occupation) in AA condition zHitAB: z-score of hit rate for pairings targetA-attributeB (here: women-qualities) zFaAB: z-score of FA rate for pairings targetA-attributeB (here: women-qualities) dPrimeAB: Computes d' (parametric measure of discriminability btw. signals and noise) for 'women-qualities' Pairings cAB: c-criterion in AB condition ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// TARGET B Conditions signals = men ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////// BA Condition: signals = men OR occupation stims noise = anything else (women OR qualities stims) //////////////////////////////////////////////////// rHitBA: hit rate for pairing targetB-attributeA across all responsetimeouts; test trials only hit: pressing spacebar for signals (men OR occupation stims) in BA condition rMissBA: miss rate for pairing targetB-attributeA across all responsetimeouts; test trials only miss: not pressing spacebar for signals (men OR occupation stims) in BA condition rFaBA: false alarm (FA) rate for pairing targetB-attributeA across all responsetimeouts; test trials only false alarm: pressing spacebar for noise stims (women OR qualities stims) in BA condition rCrBA: correct rejection (CR) for pairing targetB-attributeA across all responsetimeouts; test trials only cr: not pressing spacebar for noise stims (women OR qualities stims) in BA condition zHitBA: z-score of hit rate for pairings targetB-attributeA (here: men-occupation) zFaBA: z-score of FA rate for pairings targetB-attributeA (here: men-occupation) dPrimeBA: Computes d' (parametric measure of discriminability btw. signals and noise) for 'men-occupation' Pairings cBA: c-criterion in BA condition //////////////////////////////////////////////////// AB Condition: signals = men OR qualities noise = anything else (women OR occupation) //////////////////////////////////////////////////// rHitBB: hit rate for pairing targetB-attributeB across all responsetimeouts; test trials only hit: pressing spacebar for signals (men OR qualities) in BA condition rMissBB: miss rate for pairing targetB-attributeB across all responsetimeouts; test trials only miss: not pressing spacebar for signals (men OR qualities) in BA condition rFaBB: false alarm (FA) rate for pairing targetB-attributeB across all responsetimeouts; test trials only false alarm: pressing spacebar for noise stims (women OR occupation) in BA condition rCrBB: correct rejection (CR) for pairing targetB-attributeB across all responsetimeouts; test trials only cr: not pressing spacebar for noise stims (women OR occupation) in BA condition zHitBB: z-score of hit rate for pairings targetB-attributeB (here: men-qualities) zFaBB: z-score of FA rate for pairings targetB-attributeB (here: men-qualities) dPrimeBB: Computes d' (parametric measure of discriminability btw. signals and noise) for 'men-qualities' Pairings cBB: c-criterion in BB condition //////////////////////// overall //////////////////////// gnatpart1: (a) subtracting d' for the (BA) block from d' for the (AA) => AA-BA => if positive: participant is better at discriminating btw. signal and noise when both 'woman' and 'occupations' are signals than when 'man' and 'occupations' are signals This supports closer association of 'woman' and 'occupations' than 'man' and 'occupations' gnatpart2: (b) subtracting d' for the (AB) block from d' for the (BB)=> BB-AB => if positive: participant is better at discriminating btw. signal and noise when both 'men' and 'qualities' are signals than when 'woman' and 'qualities' are signals This supports closer association of 'men' and 'qualities' than 'women' and 'qualities' gnatall: #A composite index of sexism => sum of GNATpart1 and GNATpart2 => the higher the composite score, the closer a participant associates women with occupation and men and qualities ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Default GNAT Set-Up in this script: (1) 4 training blocks: one training block each for targetA (here: women), targetB (here: men), attributeA (here: occupations), attributeB (here: qualities) with response timeout of 600ms -> block order is determined randomly -> run 20 trials each (10 target:10 noise) (2) 4 test blocks that combine targets and attributes with a response timeout (default: 600ms) -> block order is determined randomly -> each block runs 16 'practice trials' followed by 48 test trials (summary variables based on test trial performance only) -> signal : noise = 1 : 1 (samenumber of attributeA, attributeB, signal and noise trials) -> each attribute (12) is selected once during the test trials -> each target is repeated 4x during the test trials ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ STIMULI ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ see section Editable Stimuli (stimuli from Gregg & Sedikides, 2010) ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ INSTRUCTIONS ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ see section Editable Instructions ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ EDITABLE CODE ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ We (Britzman and Mehic-Parker, 2022) relied on Gregg & Sedikides, 2010 implicit self-esteem code to build the template for ambivalent sexism. check below for (relatively) easily editable parameters, stimuli, instructions etc. Keep in mind that you can use this script as a template and therefore always "mess" with the entire code to further customize your experiment. The parameters you can change are: /responseTimeout1Signal: stores the longest response timeouts in ms used in this study for targets Note: by default, the longest response timeout in this script is used for blocks that test attributes and targets separately (default: 1000ms) /responseTimeout2Signal: /responseTimeout3Signal: (samefor noise trials: by default they are the same in this script) /isi: stores the interstimulus interval (time between offset of one stimulus and onset of next)