Transitive Inference Task

Technical Manual

Script Author: Katja Borchert, Ph.D. (katjab@millisecond.com), Millisecond

Created: January 18, 2014

Last Modified: January 12, 2025 by K. Borchert (katjab@millisecond.com), Millisecond

Script Copyright © Millisecond Software, LLC

Background

This script implements a nonverbal Transitive Inference Task similarly to the one described in Frank et al (2004).

Transitive Inference (TI) tasks assess relational reasoning. Specifically they measure people's ability to infer an unstated relationship btw. objects (e.g. A ? C) using learned knowledge of the relationship these objects have with a shared third object (e.g. B: A > B, B > C => transitive inference: A > B > C => A > C).

References

Frank, M.J., Seeberger, L.C. & O’Reilly. R.C. (2004). By Carrot or by Stick: Cognitive Reinforcement Learning in Parkinsonism. Science, 306, 1940-1943

Duration

8 minutes

Description

Participants work through a learning and a test phase. During the learning phase participants get presented 4 overlapping pairs of symbols (AB, BC, CD, DE) and have to learn to pick the winning symbol of each pair (A > B > C > D > E). Throughout the learning phase participant are given positive and negative feedback. During the test phase, two novel pairs (AE and BD) are presented amongst the training pairs. No feedback is given during the testing phase.

Procedure

Letter-Symbol-Assignment:
version A/B: fixed assignments
random: random assignments

Learning Phase:
• each learning block runs for 80 trials (20 per symbol pair -> can be edited via parameters.trialnumber_learning)
• it can be controlled via editable parameters whether certain learning criteria have to be met before
moving on to the test phase.
=> if learning criteria are set in place, the learning block will be repeated if not all criteria are met
within the current learning block and the learning cycle starts afresh.

Test Phase:
• the test block runs for 120 trials (20 per symbol pair -> can be edited via parameters.trialnumber_test)

Trial Setup:
The left-right position of the symbol pairs is counterbalanced across each block
-> symbol A appears on the left side in 50% of the trials

Stimuli

The stimuli are 5 Hiragana characters presented in Frank et al (2004).
Their size and location can be easily controlled via section Editable Parameters.

To use a different set of images, simply replace the stimuli in script
transitiveinferencetask_stimuli_x_inc.iqjs
(or just name your new stimuli the same as the currently used ones)

Instructions

The instructions are not the originals.
They can easily be edited in script transitiveinferencetask_instructions_inc.iqjs

Summary Data

File Name: transitiveinterferencetask_summary*.iqdat

Data Fields

NameDescription
inquisit.version Inquisit version number
computer.platform Device platform: win | mac |ios | android
computer.touch 0 = device has no touchscreen capabilities; 1 = device has touchscreen capabilities
computer.hasKeyboard 0 = no external keyboard detected; 1 = external keyboard detected
startDate Date the session was run
startTime Time the session was run
subjectId Participant ID
groupId Group number
sessionId Session number
elapsedTime Session duration in ms
completed 0 = Test was not completed
1 = Test was completed
version "A" or "B" (fixed assignments) or "Random"
block.learningPhase.totalCount How many learning phases participants went through
percAABTraining -percDDETraining Percent correct for the different pairings during the last training session
percAABTest-percDDETest Percent correct for the known pairings during test
percAAE -percBBD Percent correct for the novel pairings during test

Raw Data

File Name: transitiveinterferencetask_raw*.iqdat

Data Fields

NameDescription
build Inquisit version number
computer.platform Device platform: win | mac |ios | android
computer.touch 0 = device has no touchscreen capabilities; 1 = device has touchscreen capabilities
computer.hasKeyboard 0 = no external keyboard detected; 1 = external keyboard detected
date Date the session was run
time Time the session was run
subject Participant ID
group Group number
session Session number
blockcode The name the current block (built-in Inquisit variable)
blocknum The number of the current block (built-in Inquisit variable)
trialcode The name of the currently recorded trial (built-in Inquisit variable)
trialnum The number of the currently recorded trial (built-in Inquisit variable)
trialnum is a built-in Inquisit variable; it counts all trials run
even those that do not store data to the data file.
version "A" or "B" (fixed assignments) or "Random"
phase 1 = learning; 2 = test
pair Current pair of symbols (e.g. "AB")
stimulusitem.1-stimulusitem.2 The presented stimuli in order of trial presentation
does not need to correspond to spatial presentation of stimuli
response The participant's response (scancode of response button)
30 = A
38 = L
selectedLetter The selected letter
winLetter Contains the winning letter during learning
correct The correctness of the response (1 = correct; 0 = error)
latency The response latency in ms; measured from onset of stims

Parameters

The procedure can be adjusted by setting the following parameters.

NameDescriptionDefault
Design
trialNumberLearning The number of trials in a learning session 80
trialNumberTest The number of trials in the test session 120
minAAB Minimum proportion of winning symbol-selections (A) in pairs AB that have to be met in the current learning block0.6
minBBC Minimum proportion of winning symbol-selections (B) in pairs BC that have to be met in the current learning block0.6
minCCD Minimum proportion of winning symbol-selections (C) in pairs CD that have to be met in the current learning block0.6
minDDE Minimum proportion of winning symbol-selections (D) in pairs DE that have to be met in the current learning block0.6
Position And Sizing Parameters
xRight Horizontal coordinate of the right symbol in screen percentages65%
xLeft Horizontal coordinate of the left symbol in screen percentages35%
symbolHeight The height of the symbol image in screen height percentages40%
Timing Parameters
feedbackDuration The duration of the feedback stimuli in ms1000
Response Keys
responseKeyLeft The response key for symbol on the left (on a QWERTY keyboard)"A"
responseKeyRight The response key for symbol on the right (on a QWERTY keyboard)"L"