Mnemonic Similarity Task - Set D

Technical Manual

Script Author: Katja Borchert, Ph.D. (katjab@millisecond.com), Millisecond

Credits:
Millisecond thanks Dr. Stark for sharing the new site with us!

Created: January 28, 2014

Last Modified: June 17, 2026 by K. Borchert (katjab@millisecond.com), Millisecond

Script Copyright © Millisecond Software, LLC

Background

This script implements the Mnemonic Similarity Task (MST), previously known as the 'Behavioral Pattern Separation Task', by Start et al (2013). The MST provides a sensitive measure for memory changes across the life span and is useful for the early detection of memory impairments.

References

Stark, S.M, Yassa, M.A., Lacy, J.W. & Stark, C.E.L. (2013). A task to assess behavioral patternseparation (BPS) in humans: Data from healthy aging and mild cognitive impairment. Neuropsychologia, 51, 2442–2449.

Background Information, Original Programs (Win/Mac) And Stimuli/Instructions Freely Available Via:
https://faculty.sites.uci.edu/starklab/mnemonic-similarity-task-mst/ 2 more stimuli sets (E, F) were added to the original task.

Newest Versions On:
https://github.com/celstark/MST

Duration

12 minutes

Description

Participants participate in a 2-part experiment to assess recognition memory. The first part of the experiment presents 128 pictures (default) of everyday items and participants have to decide whether the item is an OUTDOOR or an INDOOR item. The second part of the experiment presents 64 of the previously seen pictures (targets), 64 of very similar items (lures), and 64 new items (foils). Participants are asked to categorize the items as old, new, or similar within 2.5s (default).

Procedure

Block Sequence
(A) List Generations -> (B) Part 1: Stimulus Presentation -> (C) Part 2: Recognition Test

Item Assigments: Lures, Targets, Foils And Stimuluspresentation (Part1) List Generations:
• the stimuli are randomly divided into lures, targets, and foils lists depending on
parameters.stimSet (C or D) and selected parameters.nr_subsetImages (editable parameter)
• list.stimulusPresentation (part 1) contains the itemNumbers selected for the lures and targets
NOTES:
- lure lists are assembled with the constraint that each of the 5 lure bins have at least expressions.minlurefreq members
- there is NO parameter to choose randomization seeds in this script as it is provided in the original. The seed used is randomized in this script.

Part 1: Stimulus Presentation
• default: 128 trials => can be set via Editable Values, parameters.nr_subsetImages
• stimuli are randomly selected from list.stimulusPresentation
• stimuli are presented for 2s (default, can be set via Editable Values)
with 0.5s interstimulus interval (default, can be set via Editable Values) => response window 2.5s
• in non-selfpaced mode (parameters.selfpaced == false): response needs to be made within 2s
• in selfpaced mode (parameters.selfpaced == true): picture is presented for 2s but participant has infinite time to make response

The task is to categorize the items as Indoor vs. Outdoor items
-> accuracy of response is NOT assessed

Part 2: Recognition Test
• default: 192 trials, 64 targets, 64 lures, 64 foils => can be set via Editable Values, parameters.nr_subsetImages
• 64 stimuli are Old stimuli from Part 1 (the same picture is presented) => Targets
• the remaining stimuli from Part 1 are Similar stimuli (a similar picture of the item is presented) => Lures
• 64 stimuli are New stimuli (not previously presented in Part 1, still from same set) => Foils
• order of stimuli is random
• stimuli are presented for 2s (default, can be set via Editable Values)
with 0.5s interstimulus interval (default, can be set via Editable Values)
• in non-selfpaced mode (parameters.selfpaced == false): response needs to be made within 2s
• in selfpaced mode (parameters.selfpaced == true): picture is presented for 2s but participant has infinite time to make response

Stimuli

There are two sets of stimuli: set C and set D. This script runs set C by default (editable parameter)
The sets are downloaded via https://darwin.bio.uci.edu/~cestark/BPSO/bpso.html (inactivated)
(now: https://faculty.sites.uci.edu/starklab/mnemonic-similarity-task-mst/)

Each set comes with a/b variants of each items:
The 'a' variants are used for part1 and for targets and foils in part2. (-> item.Stimuli/item.stimuli)
The 'b' variants are used for lures in part2. (-> item.Stimuli_lures/item.stimuli_lures)

The stimuli for each set are stored in separate subfolders.
If you only need a specific subfolder, it's not necessary to upload the second folder as well.

Instructions

Instructions are adapted from the originals downloaded via https://darwin.bio.uci.edu/~cestark/BPSO/bpso.html (inactivated)
(now: https://faculty.sites.uci.edu/starklab/mnemonic-similarity-task-mst/)
They can be customized in script mst_instructions_inc.iqjs

Summary Data

File Name: mst_X_summary*.iqdat

Data Fields

NameDescription
startDate Date the session was run
startTime Time the session was run
subjectId Participant ID
groupId Group number
sessionId Session number
elapsedTime Session duration in ms
inquisit.version Inquisit version number
computer.platform Device platform: win | mac |ios | android
computer.touch 0 = device has no touchscreen capabilities; 1 = device has touchscreen capabilities
computer.hasKeyboard 0 = no external keyboard detected; 1 = external keyboard detected
completed 0 = Test was not completed
1 = Test was completed
showResponseKeyReminder True (1) = a text reminder is presented onscreen (while pictures are presented) that reminds participants of response keys
false (0) = no response key reminder is presented (default)
stimSet "C","D","E","F" (whichever set was selected)
setSize Number of trials per trial type condition in part 2 (default: 64)
nrSubsetImages Number of items per trial type condition as well as subset number (default: "64")
Choose from
"64",
"20-1", "20-2", "20-3" => sets are separated into 3 test sets for repeated measures
"32-1", "32-2" => sets are separated into 2 test sets for repeated measures
if something other than these options is chosen, the script defaults to "64"
selfpaced True = the task is self-paced => the pictures are still presented for the pre-determined duration
but participants have as much time as needed to complete the respective tasks
before the next stimulus shows up
false = task is not self-paced (default)
stimulusDuration Stimulus presentation time (default: 2000ms)
isi Interstimulus interval (default: 500ms)
countl1-countl5 Helper variables that keep track of how many lures of each of the 5 categories have been sorted into list.lures
minLureFreq The minimum number of lures of each lure bin
Absolute Response Counts For Targets, Lures, And Foils (Explained Only For Targets)
countOldTargets Counts all "old" responses to targets
countSimTargets Counts all "similar" responses to targets
countNewTargets Counts all "new" responses to targets
countTargets Counts all target trials
countTargetsCorr Counts all target trials that were responded to => all target trials minus those with no responses
Relative Response Counts For Targets, Lures, And Foils (Explained Only For Targets)
rawRateOldTargets Proportion of "old" responses to all target trials (includes no responses)
rawRateSimTargets Proportion of "similar" responses to all target trials (includes no responses)
rawRateNewTargets Proportion of "new" responses to all target trials (includes no responses)
Response Accuracy For Targets, Lures, And Foils (Explained Only For Targets)
corrRateOldTargets Adjusted proportion of "old" responses to target trials that were responded to (no responses excluded)
corrRateSimTargets Adjusted proportion of "similar" responses to target trials that were responded to (no responses excluded)
corrRateNewTargets Adjusted proportion of "new" responses to target trials that were responded to (no responses excluded)
Lure Bins Summary Statistics
l1 - l5 Counts how often lures of category 1-5 were run (raw count)
l1NR - l5NR Counts 'no reponses' (NR) to all 5 bin lure categories
L1O - l5O Counts how often lures of category 1-5 were categorized as "old" (raw count)
l1S - l5S Counts how often lures of category 1-5 were categorized as "similar" (raw count)
l1N - l5N Counts how often lures of category 1-5 were categorized as "new" (raw count)
rawPercentCorrect Overall percent correct rate (takes all responses into account; includes no responses)
corrPercentCorrect Adjusted overall percent correct rate (takes only those trials with a response into account; no responses are excluded)
ldi Lure Discrimination Index (LDI): rates corrected for no responses (Main MST Measure)
=> "hit" rate for lures (=proportion of similar responses to lure objects) - "false alarm" rate for foils (=proportion of similar responses to foil objects)
tri Traditional Recognition Index (TRI): rates corrected for no responses
=> hit rate for targets (=proportion of old responses to old objects) - false alarm rate for foils (=proportion of old responses to foil objects)

Raw Data

File Name: mst_x_raw*.iqdat

Data Fields

NameDescription
date Date the session was run
time Time the session was run
subject Participant ID
group Group number
session Session number
build Inquisit version number
computer.platform Device platform: win | mac |ios | android
computer.touch 0 = device has no touchscreen capabilities; 1 = device has touchscreen capabilities
computer.hasKeyboard 0 = no external keyboard detected; 1 = external keyboard detected
stimSet "C","D","E","F" (whichever set was selected)
setSize Number items per targets/foils/lures
nrSubsetImages Number of items per trial type condition as well as subset (default: "64")
Choose from
"64" => no subsets possible
"20-1", "20-2", "20-3" => sets are separated into 3 test sets for repeated measures
"32-1", "32-2" => sets are separated into 2 test sets for repeated measures
if something other than these options is chosen, the script defaults to "64"
blockcode The name the current block (built-in Inquisit variable)
blocknum The number of the current block (built-in Inquisit variable)
trialcode The name of the currently recorded trial (built-in Inquisit variable)
trialnum The number of the currently recorded trial (built-in Inquisit variable)
trialnum is a built-in Inquisit variable; it counts all trials run
even those that do not store data to the data file.
stimulus Stores the currently presented picture
stimulusSelect The itemnumber of the currently presented picture
trialType The current trial type
1 = target
2 = foil
3 = lure
lureBin The lure bin of current lure (1-5); 0 for targets and foils
The more mnemonically similar lures in lure bin1 (L1) and
ranks mnemonical similarity to one of the targets
L1: highest mnemonical similarity -> L5: lowest mnemonical similarity
response The scancode of the response key
part1: 23 = I (indoor); 24 = O (outdoor)
part2; 47 = V (old); 49 = N (new); 48 = B (similar)
responseCategory The 'interpreted response'
part1; "indoor" vs. "outdoor"
part2: "old", "new", "similar"
correct The correctness of the response (1 = correct; 0 = incorrect)
only relevant for Part 2 (accuracy of responses in Part 1 is not assessed in this script)
latency The response latency in ms; measured from onset of stimulus

Parameters

The procedure can be adjusted by setting the following parameters.

NameDescriptionDefault
Design
showResponseKeyReminder True = a text reminder is presented onscreen (while pictures are presented) that
reminds participants of response keys
false = no response key reminder is presented
false
nrSubsetImages Number of items per trial type condition as well as set number
Choose from
"64" => no subsets possible
"20-1", "20-2", "20-3" => sets are separated into 3 test sets for repeated measures
"32-1", "32-2" => sets are separated into 2 test sets for repeated measures
if something other than these options is chosen, the script defaults to "64"
"64"
selfpaced True = the task is self-paced => the pictures are still presented for the pre-determined duration
but participants have as much time as needed to complete the respective tasks
before the next stimulus shows up
false = task is not self-paced
false
Timing Parameters
stimulusDuration Stimulus presentation time2000
isi Interstimulus interval
the combined duration of stimulusduration and ISI = response window
500