Unconscious Reward Task

Technical Manual

Script Author: Katja Borchert, Ph.D. (katjab@millisecond.com), Millisecond

Millisecond thanks Dr. Eric Bijleveld for generously sharing his original e-prime script!

Last Modified: January 26, 2023 by K. Borchert (katjab@millisecond.com), Millisecond

Script Copyright © Millisecond Software, LLC

Background

This script implements the Unconscious Reward Task. Monetary rewards facilitate performance on cognitive tasks even when these rewards are perceived without conscious awareness but differences in the speed-accuracy only occur with consciously perceived rewards.

References

Bijleveld, Custers, E.R. & Aarts, H. (2010). Unconscious reward cues increase invested effort, but do not change speed–accuracy tradeoffs,Cognition, 115, 330-335,

Duration

15 - 20 minutes

Description

Participants work on simple addition equations (3 + 2 + 6 = 13) and have to decide whether the suggested solution is correct or incorrect. For correct evaluations, they can earn two types of rewards, either a low reward (max. 1cent) or a high reward (max. 50cents) with the caveat that rewards get smaller the longer is takes to respond.

The take-home reward further depends on the overall accuracy of the participants' responses: the extra money can only be earned if 90% or more of all responses were correct. Half the trials present the reward cues subliminally (at 17ms duration); half the trials present the reward cues supraliminally (at 300ms).

Procedure

Test: 56 trials
- 28 trials with reward 1 (14 presented at 17ms (7 correct), 14 presented at 300ms (7 correct));
28 trials with reward 2 (14 presented at 14 ms (7 correct), 14 presented at 300ms (7 correct))
- trial order is random
- the math problem is randomly (without replacement) selected from the pool of pre-generated 56 problems

Trial Sequence:
-> precue fixation (3000ms)
-> precue mask (400ms)
-> cue (17ms vs. 300ms)
-> postCue mask (583ms vs. 300ms)
-> postCue fixation (1500ms)
-> generic equation cue (1500ms): 'x+x+x=xx'
-> math equation (until response): actual problem presented
-> performance feedback (3000ms): participants learn whether a) they were correct or incorrect and b) how much they earned
-> cumulative earnings feedback (2000ms): participants learn their accumulated earnings
-> iti
(one break after 28 trials)


Reward Calculations: the promised reward decreases by ~14% per s responding
- the rewards per trial (for correct responses) are calculated using the following formula:
actual reward = max. rewardvalue - (max. rewardValue * response time in ms/7000)
=> responses given after 7000ms earn an actual reward value of 0 (same as incorrect responses)

Stimuli

• 56 addition problems generously provided by Dr. Eric Bijleveld (see section Editable Stimuli)
- each problem contains 3 digits (1-9) (repeated digits ok)
- no two of the digits add up to 10

• coins and mask generously provided by Dr. Eric Bijleveld (see section Editable Stimuli)

Instructions

generously provided by Dr. Eric Bijleveld and translated to English by Millisecond
(see section Editable Instructions)

Summary Data

File Name: unconsciousrewardtask_summary*.iqdat

Data Fields

NameDescription
inquisit.version Inquisit version number
computer.platform Device platform: win | mac |ios | android
startDate Date the session was run
startTime Time the session was run
subjectId Participant ID
groupId Group number
sessionId Session number
elapsedTime Session duration in ms
completed 0 = Test was not completed
1 = Test was completed
propCorrectOverall Proportion correct responses across all 56 trials
totalRewardAmount The cumulative reward amounts
takeHomeReward The take home reward (depends on performance (90% correct or higher) and totalRewardAmount)
propCorrectReward1Duration1 Proportion correct responses for reward 1 (here: 1cent) presented for the short (superliminal) duration (here: 17ms)
meanRTReward1Duration1 Mean response time (in ms) of correct responses for reward 1 (here: 1cent) presented for the short duration (here: 17ms)
that were < 7000ms (at 7000ms and above no reward can be earned)
propCorrectReward1Duration2 Proportion correct responses for reward 1 (here: 1cent) presented for the long (supraliminal) duration (here: 300ms)
meanRTReward1Duration2 Mean response time (in ms) of correct responses for reward 1 (here: 1cent) presented for the long duration (here: 300ms)
that were < 7000ms (at 7000ms and above no reward can be earned)
propCorrectReward2Duration1 Proportion correct responses for reward 2 (here: 50cents) presented for the short (superliminal) duration (here: 17ms)
meanRTReward2Duration1 Mean response time (in ms) of correct responses for reward 2 (here: 50cents) presented for the short duration (here: 17ms)
that were < 7000ms (at 7000ms and above no reward can be earned)
propCorrectReward2Duration2 Proportion correct responses for reward 2 (here: 50cents) presented for the long (supraliminal) duration (here: 300ms)
meanRTReward2Duration2 Mean response time (in ms) of correct responses for reward 2 (here: 50cents) presented for the long duration (here: 300ms)
that were < 7000ms (at 7000ms and above no reward can be earned)

Raw Data

File Name: unconsciousrewardtask_raw*.iqdat

Data Fields

NameDescription
build Inquisit version number
computer.platform Device platform: win | mac |ios | android
date Date the session was run
time Time the session was run
subject Participant ID
group Group number
session Session number
blockCode Name of the current block
blockNum Number of the current block
trialCode Name of the current trial
trialNum Number of the current trial
countTrials Counts the number of trials run
cueStim 1 = selects the reward coin with itemnumber 1 (here: 1 cent)
2 = selects the reward coin with itemnumber 2 (here: 50 cents)
rewardValue Stores the value of the reward (here: 1 vs. 50)
cueDuration Stores the duration (in ms) of the reward cue (here: 17ms vs. 300ms)
mathProblem Contains the assembled math problem
corrSolution The correct solution to the math problem
providedSolution The computer suggested solution to the math problem
corrResponse 1 = the suggested solution is correct
0 = the suggested solution is incorrect
response The participant's response: scancode of response key
18 = E ('correct')
23 = I ('incorrect')
resp 1 = the suggested solution is accepted as correct
0 = the suggested solution is not accepted as correct
correct Accuracy of response: 1 = correct response (participant selected correct response key); 0 = otherwise
latency The response latency (in ms); measured from: onset of math problem until response
rewardAmount The calculated earned reward amount for the current trial
totalRewardAmount The cumulative reward amounts
takeHomeReward The take home reward (depends on performance (90% correct or higher) and totalRewardAmount)

Parameters

The procedure can be adjusted by setting the following parameters.

NameDescriptionDefault
pauseTrial A rest trial is presented after 28 (default) trials
Duration Parameters
readyDuration The duration (in ms) of the 'get-ready' trial 3000ms
preCueFixationDuration The duration (in ms) of the precue fixation cross 3000ms
preMaskDuration The duration (in ms) of the precue mask 400ms
shortCueDuration The duration (in ms) of the short reward cue 17ms
longCueDuration The duration (in ms) of the long reward cue 300ms
combinedCueMaskDuration The duration (in ms) of the combined cue and postCue mask
the post-cue mask will be longer for the short cue duration
600ms
postCueFixationDuration The duration (in ms) of the postCue fixation cross 1500ms
genericEquationCueDuration The duration (in ms) of the (X+X+X=XX) stimulus before actual math problem is presented 1500ms
performanceFeedbackDuration The duration (in ms) of the performance feedback 3000ms
earningFeedbackDuration The duration (in ms) of the total earnings feedback 2000ms
iti The duration (in ms) of the intertrial interval 3000ms
pauseDuration The duration (in ms) of the rest/pause trial
Stimulus Sizing Parameters
10000ms
cueSize The proportional (to canvas) size of the reward cue 30%
fixationSize The proportional (to canvas) size of the fixation cross 8%
problemSize The proportional (to canvas) size of the math problem
Response Key Assignment
5%
leftResponseKey The left response key label (here: E)
rightResponseKey The right response key label (here: I)
correctResponseKey The correct response key label (here: the left response key)
incorrectResponseKey The correct response key label (here: the right response key)